This is the December 2005 Middle Kingdom Letter of Acceptances and Returns for Escutcheon’s October 2005 Letter of Intent.
Unless otherwise noted, all clients will accept changes. Comments in braces {} were removed from the Letter of Intent sent to Laurel and the College of Arms, devices, or badges in braces have been returned or pended. Commentary, rulings, etc. by Rouge Scarpe are placed in CAP PRINT. Thanks to Knut, Piotr, Mikhail and AElfreda (A&M), Ary and Talan, for this month’s commentary.
1) *Brigid of Kerry -- Device Change -- Per bend
sinister argent and purpure, a bend sinister counter-compony
sable and argent between a slip of cherries proper and a cross of
St. Brigid argent.
(Terre Haute, IN)
(Name reg'd Dec '00)
Client submitted the following paperwork: " "From: A Collation of Laurel Precedents Regarding Crosses," by Alanna Volchevo Lesa, . . . [Cross of St. Brigid] The question was raised in commentary regarding banning this cross, since it is an SCA invention and relies on its identifiability from the woven straw internal detailing. However, there are period charges that dojust that, for instance moons in their plenitude, so we see no reason to ban this cross. (JoA, LoAR, May 1999, p. 4)" from: http://www2.kumc.edu/itc/staff/rknight/Cross1.htm
Client wishes that her old device: Argent, three sprigs of cherries proper, a chief counter-compony azure and argent, also registered Dec '00 to be released
Device Commentary
Knut - Per bend
sinister argent and purpure, a bend sinister counter-compony
sable and argent between a sprig of cherries proper and a cross
of Saint Brigid argent
A&M - Device:
This has a complexity count of 9 (argent, purpure, sable, gules,
brown, vert, bend, cherries, cross). However, since 3 of
the tinctures are used only in the proper cherries, it holds
together well and is probably registerable.
From the Precedents of Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure):
"[Returning Sable, on a pale between two mullets argent
a pine tree eradicated proper, on a chief argent three reremice
sable.] With five types of charge in four tinctures, this
exceeds the complexity limits of RfS VIII.1.a. While it is true
that armory exceeding this "rule of thumb" has been
registered on rare occasions, these exceptions have only been
made for particularly elegant proposals. [Note the fourth
tincture is the brown of the tree trunk, a detail which counts no
difference for conflict.] [1/94, p.16]"
"[registering Or, a pale gules surmounted by a boar's
head erased sable armed argent, in chief two trees proper]
Though as a number of commenters noted, this has a technical
complexity count of nine with three types of charge (pale, head,
trees) and six tinctures (Or, gules, sable, argent, vert and
brown), the device is relatively simple, well- balanced, and all
of the charges are clear and identifiable. Given that the
rule of thumb for complexity is simply that, a rule of thumb
rather than an absolute cutoff, we feel that this submission is
registrable. (Bothvar Ruriksson,
DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
2) *Carthach mac Cúáin (M) -- New Name
(College of St. Joan)
Client will accept all changes and wants authentic pre-12th century Celtic (either Irish or Scottish)
According to the paperwork: "Carthach: This was the name of 21 different people in a collection of historic Irish masculine names listed in M.A. O'Brien's "Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae" (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976), a collection of Irish genealogical material from the pre-Norman period (i.e., roughly pre-12th century).
"Cúán (genitive): This was the name of 20 different people in a collection of historic Irish masculine names listed in M.A. O'Brien's "Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae" (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976), a collection of Irish genealogical material from the pre-Norman period (i.e., roughly pre-12th century).
"This information came from the document "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland" compiled by Heather Rose Jones (ska Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvyrn)."
(Esct Note: The url for this documentation wasn't provided but you can find it at: http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/irish100/)
Name Commentary
Talan - And at that URL one
can find the correct genitive, <Cúáin>, which is required
after <mac>: <Carthach mac Cúáin>. Mari's
annals data at
http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/ don't
include <Carthach>, but <Cúán> is mentioned in
annals associated with years from 639 to 1024.
<Carthach> appears to be a very early name, so it would
probably be better to use Old Irish <macc> rather than
Middle Irish <mac>.
Depending on just when <Carthach> was in use, <Carthach
macc Cúáin> is either a very reasonable Old Irish name or at
worst an Old Irish version of a name that would actually have
been used slightly before the Old Irish period. I would
certainly give it the benefit of the doubt.
Ary - The patronym needs to
be put into the genitive case, e.g. <C{u'}{a'}in>. I
found no conflicts.
THE NAME WAS SPELLED <CÚÁIN> ON THE PAPERWORK. NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL.
3) Castell Gwent, Shire of -- New Badge -- [Fieldless]
A panther rampant reguardant tail nowed vert incensed gules
sustaining a wheat stalk vert
(Name reg'd Apr '05)
(Esct. Note: This submission was pended in the Sept '05 ILOI for lack of petition at support which I now have and include in this ILOI.)
Badge Commentary
Knut - [Fieldless] A wheat stalk
sustained by a panther rampant reguardant tail nowed vert
incensed gules
Clear
Talan - I regard the wheat
stalk as being significant enough to qualify as a sustained
charge, but in terms of sheer visual weight it's pretty
borderline.
BADGE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.
4) *Collette du Valois (F) -- New Name and Device -- Purpure,
a stag trippant and in chief three crescents Or
(Rimsholt)
Client will accept all changes and wants authentic 15th century French.
[Collette] -- "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, and 1438," by Aryanhwy merch Catmael (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/paris1423.html) lists Collette three times.
[du Valois] -- St. Gabriel Report 2080 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2080): <Valois> is the name of a historical region of France. [3] The surname <de Valois> means "of Valois." Though this surname was associated with the ruling family of <Valois>, we find no evidence that it was restricted to the royal family; <Chrestien de Valois> is a perfectly reasonable choice for a name. " (Esct. Note: The footnote reads: [3] Britannica Online (WWW: Accessed May 21, 1998) s.n. Valois )
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Collette] --
"French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, and 1438," by
Aryanhwy merch Catmael http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/paris1423.html
lists Collette three times.
The same article has the surname <de Valois> 1421.
> [du Valois] -- St. Gabriel Report 2080 http://www.s-gabriel.org/2080
: <Valois> is the name of a historical region of France.
[3] The surname <de Valois> means "of Valois."
Note that the report discusses <de Valois>, not <du
Valois>. The form <du Valois> is unlikely: <du> is
a contraction of <de le> 'of the', while such locative
bynames normally use just the preposition <de>. But
<Collette de Valois> is just fine.
Ary - The cited report does
not support the form <du Valois>, it supports the form
<de Valois>. <de Valois> is found once in the
same article as <Collette>, so <Collette de Valois>
is both temporally and linguistically compatible. I found
no conflicts with the name or the arms.
Device Commentary
Knut - Derbhiled ni
Liadhnáin - May of 1990 (via Atlantia): Purpure, a winged
hind trippant and in chief three crescents argent.
CD wings, CD secondary tincture
Clear
Piotr - Handsome device
NAME CHANGED TO <Collette de Valois> TO CORRECT THE PREPOSITION. NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.
5) Danehl Leonhardt (M) -- New Name
(Falcon's Quarry)
Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for German sounding name.
[Danehl] -- Bahlow, "Gentry German Names," p. 69, lists this as a variant of Daniel and cites Daniel to 1268.
[Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, "Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v.2, p. 174, "This is the header form, "Joh, Leonhardi aus Olm" dated to 1479."
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Danehl] --
Bahlow, "Gentry German Names,"
'Gentry' is the name of the translator, not part of the title; a
possible short form is 'Bahlow/Gentry, _German Names_'.
> p. 69, lists this as a variant of Daniel and cites Daniel to
1268.
To be precise, it lists <Danehl> as an undated variant of
the *surname* <Daniel>. I can find no evidence that
it's a period spelling of the *forename* <Daniel>, and I'm
fairly strongly inclined to doubt that it is. Quite apart
from any other considerations, this use of <h> to indicate
a long vowel is rare until very late in period.
Both <Daniel> and <Dangel> *can* be documented to
period: Brechenmacher s.n. <Dangel> has <Dangel
Groß> 1493 and a <Dangel Besserer> 1504 who also
appears in record as <Daniel>.
> [Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, "Etymologisches
Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v.2, p. 174,
"This is the header form,
No, it is *a* header form: the header is 'Leonhar(d)t, =hardi',
meaning '<Leonhardt>, <Leonhart>, and
<Leonhardi>'.
> "Joh, Leonhardi aus Olm" dated to 1479."
This is the second ILoI in a row in which this citation has been
mangled! It should be <Joh. Leonhardi>; <aus
Ulm> (note corrected spelling) merely means that Herr
Leonhardi was recorded as being from Ulm.
The spelling <-ardt> (instead of <-art> or
<-ard>) is generally relatively late, but there are 15th
century examples; for instance, Brechenmacher s.n.
<Reichert> has <Lor. Reichardt> 1452 at Freiberg in
Saxony. Ary's 'German Names from Nürnberg, 1497' at http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html
notes the surnames <Danhardt>, <Deinhardt>,
<Engelhardt>, and <Manhardt>, all of which, like
<Leonhardt>, are patronymic from forenames with the same
second element.
Both <Daniel Leonhardt> and <Dangel Leonhardt> would
be quite acceptable. However, I suspect that a change from
<Danehl> to either of these qualifies as a major change; if
so, this should be returned for lack of support for the forename.
Ary - Does Bahlow provide
any reason to think that <Danehl> is a period form?
I've only ever seen <Daniel> (or <Daniell>, as a
patronymic surname). Unless evidence for <Danehl> can
be found, this should be corrected to the documented form.
I found no conflicts with the name.
NAME CHANGED TO <Daniel Leonhardt> AND FORWARDED TO LAUREL.
6) *Dulcia Wylde (F) New Name and {Device -- Azure,
a cauldron between two squirrels combattant, each maintaining an
acorn argent.}
(Cleftlands)
Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for sound and prefers 12th-14th century English. She also will *not* accept a holding name.
[Dulcia] -- latinization of <Douce> "Feminine Given Name in "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames"," by Talan Gwynek, (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/reaney.cgi?Douce) s.n. Douce: [Dulcia] 1275
[Wylde] -- "An Index to 1332 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Lincolnshire, England," by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/LincLSR/BynW.html) c. Gilbert Wylde
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Dulcia] --
latinization of <Douce> "Feminine Given Name in
"A Dic. of Eng. Surnames"," by Talan Gwynek, (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/reaney.cgi?Douce
s.n. Douce: [Dulcia] 1275
This is a fine Latinized documentary form; the vernacular, by
which she would normally have been known, was <Douce>,
<Duce>, etc.
> [Wylde] -- "An Index to 1332 Lay Subsidy Rolls for
Lincolnshire, England," by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/LincLSR/BynW.html
c. Gilbert Wylde
The name is a fine documentary version of <Douce Wylde> or
the like.
Ary - The name is fine, but
this spelling of the given name would have been used in Latin
contexts only. In English contexts (such as regular
conversation), the vernacular would have been used, e.g.
<Douce>, <Duce>, <Duze> from Talan's article.
Device Commentary
Ary - The cauldron and the
squirrels are co-primary, so this should be reblazoned as "Azure,
in fess a cauldron between two squirrels combattant each
maintaining an acorn argent." This conflicts with
Regana van Kortrijk (reg. 02/2002 via the Outlands), "Azure,
a squirrel argent." There is one CD for changing the
number of primary charges.
If this was redrawn so that the cauldron was sole primary, and
the squirrels secondary, then I see no conflicts.
Knut - Azure, in fess a
cauldron between two squirrels combattant, each maintaining an
acorn argent
Regana van Kortrijk - February of 2002 (via the Outlands): Azure,
a squirrel argent.
Single CD for the number of
primaries.
Return for conflict.
A&M - Since all three
charges are identical in size, they are co-primary. This
device conflicts with the device of Regana van Kortrijk,
registered in February of 2002 (via the Outlands): Azure, a
squirrel argent. There is 1 CD for number of charges,
but not for changing only 1/3 of them. .
From the Precedents of Francoise la Flamme:".. no difference
for changing the type or tincture of the centermost of three
co-primary charges in fess. [Zoe Amaranta, 12/03,
R-Artemisia]"
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL, DEVICE RETURNED FOR CONFLICT WITH Regana van Kortrijk.
7) *Dycon Gestour (M) --New Name and {Device -- Azure,
on a gauntlet maintaining a kerchief, semy of gouttes vert.}
(Ravenslake)
Client will *not* accept major changes and prefers English, time period not given.
[Dycon] -- "Yorkshire Given Names from 1379," by
Talan Gwynek (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/yorkshire/yorkm.html)
s.n. Richard(us) lists <Dicon> as a diminutive.
Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p.
240-241, s.n. Dicken lists [Dicun Malebiss] 1207; [John Dycon]
1327
[Gestour] -- Reaney and Wilson, p 255; s.n. Jester, [Gestour] 1377
Name Commentary
Talan - The exact spelling
submitted can also be seen in the byname of <Alicia Dycon
maydeñ> 1379 (Bardsley s.n. <Dickens>). This is from
the 1379 Yorkshire Poll Tax, in which the relatively numerous
relational bynames are still literal (Reaney & Wilson,
l-lii). Thus, Alicia in all probability
really was the servant of a man named <Dycon>. This
gives an excellent chronological fit with the byname.
Device Commentary
Talan – 'On' is
incorrect, since 'semy' is an adjective, not a noun. The kerchief
is as big as the gauntlet, so 'maintaining' is not the best
choice; indeed, the kerchief is more nearly central than the
gauntlet and should probably be blazoned first. Finally,
the gauntlet is a sinister gauntlet, which is not the default,
and it is not in its default orientation. I'd probably make
it 'Azure, a kerchief sustained by a sinister gauntlet bendwise
sinister argent goutty d'huile' (or 'argent semy of gouttes
vert'), but it's not clear that the kerchief is actually
recognizable as such. I also note that there is no previous
registration of a kerchief under that name, though there is a
2/83 registration of a 'handkerchief' (André Reynard Cartier,
'Per bend sinister sable and Or, a fox rampant bendwise guardant
counterchanged maintaining in dexter forepaw a handkerchief
argent').
Ary - "Azure, a
gauntlet reversed sustaining a kerchief argent semy of gouttes
vert." The orientation and the location of the
gauntlet are not standard, and I see no way of blazoning this in
a fashion that will meet VII.7.b Reconstruction
Requirement. Additionally, all of the charges need to be
drawn larger; the gouttes are almost violate VII.7.a
Identification Requirement. I recommend that this be
returned for redrawing.
Knut - Azure, in bend a
gauntlet ??? bendwise sinister sustaining a ??? argent semy of
gouttes vert
This is the first registration of a kerchief. It needs to
be documented.
The posture of the gauntlet is unblazonable and irreproducible.
The gauntlet and kerchief should be larger.
The goutes are unidentifiably small.
Return for violating RfS VIII.3, RfS VIII.4.c and documentation
of the kerchief.
A&M - Device:
Suggested reblazon - Azure, a gauntlet bendwise sinister
sustaining a handkerchief bendwise argent, goutty d'huile.
Piotr - Redraw. Charge is
not centered nor a balanced entity.
Entertaining device in conjunction with the name, can't wait to
se that go up once corrected.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL, DEVICE RETURNED FOR REDRAW.
8)*Eleanor Ravenild – {Device Resubmission -- Vert,
a Lacy knot argent}
(Hammond, IN)
(Name reg'd Sept. '04)
Her device: Per bend sable and gules, a unicorn's head couped Or, was returned for conflict by RS in March '05.
Device Commentary
Talan - That is not a Lacy
knot; compare the picture in Parker, available on the web at http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/images/m134a.gif.
Any blazon from which it could be reconstructed would be
extremely clumsy; unless someone can find a period armorial
example of this knot, I'd return it as unblazonable.
Ary - That is not a Lacy
knot. An image of a Lacy Knot can be seen here:
http://www.midrealm.org/heraldry/escutcheon/0005/0005.html
The charges on the chief of Bronwen's arms are Lacy knots.
I'm not sure what this is; it's not a standard knot that I am
familiar with.
If this *was* a Lacy knot, this would conlfict with Elspeth of
Hawkesridge (reg. 07/1994 via the Middle), "Vert, a Lacy
knot and in chief two compass stars argent," with one
CD for removing the compass stars. As it is, I believe this
conflicts with Richeldis de Haute Saone (reg. 05/1987 via An
Tir), "Vert, an inverted triangle of rope interlaced
with three annulets argent." Regardless of the
type of knot in Eleanor's arms, there can be at most one CD for
changing the type of knot.
Knut - This is unidentifiable knotwork. Return for violating RfS VII.7.
A&M - This is not a Lacy knot, but we are unable to determine what other knot it might be.
DEVICE RETURNED FOR UNIDENTIFIABLE KNOTWORK.
9) Elsbeth Leonhardt (F) -- New Name
(Falcon's Quarry)
Client will accept all changes and prefers German and sound.
[Elsbeth] -- Bahlow, "Gentry German Names," p. 102, variant of Elisabeth, dated to 1600.
[Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, "Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v. 2, p. 174. This is the header form "JoH. Leonhadri aus Ulm" dated to 1479.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Elsbeth] -- Bahlow, "Gentry German Names,"
'Gentry' is the name of the
translator, not part of the title; a possible short form is
'Bahlow/Gentry, _German Names_'.
> p. 102, variant of Elisabeth, dated to 1600.
This is partly incorrect and partly misleading: it is incorrect
because the actual date is ca.1600, not 1600, and it is
misleading because it fails to make clear that <Elsbeth> is
the *surname* in this citation. The actual citation is
<Thomas Elsbeth> ca.1600. The odds are very good at
this date that the surname is hereditary, so all this actually
tells us is that at some point there was a pet form of
<Elisabeth> that gave rise to a hereditary surname
spelled <Elsbeth> at the end of the SCA period; it does not
guarantee that the pet form itself was spelled <Elsbeth>,
since surname spellings can change over time.
Fortunately, Ary's 'German Names from Nürnberg, 1497' at http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html
has <Elsbeth> four times.
> [Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, "Etymologisches
Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v. 2, p. 174. This
is the header form "JoH. Leonhadri >aus Ulm" dated
to 1479.
That's <Joh. Leonhardi>, and the <aus Ulm> is not
part of the citation; it merely indicates that the man was
recorded as being from Ulm.
The spelling <-ardt> (instead of <-art> or
<-ard>) is generally relatively late, but there are 15th
century examples; for instance, Brechenmacher s.n.
<Reichert> has <Lor. Reichardt> 1452 at Freiberg in
Saxony. Better yet, Ary's article cited above notes the
surnames <Danhardt>, <Deinhardt>, <Engelhardt>,
and <Manhardt>, all of which, like <Leonhardt>, are
patronymic from forenames with the same second element.
Ary - I found no conflicts. For an authentic German name, the byname should be in either the feminine form or the possessive form, e.g. <Leonhardtin> or <Leonhardtz>. Even at the end of the 15th century, women's surnames (other than locatives) that are not either feminized or in the genitive case are extremely rare (on the likes of 3.4%-5.5% of a data set). See my "Women's Surnames in 15th Century Germany" http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/womenssurnames.html However, if she didn't request an authentic name, the name is registerable as submitted.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL
10) *Etienne Saintier – {Device Resubmission -- Per
fess Or and azure, an open book proper inscribed "ES VERUS
IPSO", three bells Or (Translation: "To thine own
self be true" intended as/implying "Ring true.")}
(Cynnabar)
The device Per fess Or and azure, in chief an open book inscribed "ES VERUS IPSO" in base three bells on the first was returned by RS Feb '05 for violation of R.f.S VIII.2.b and not having a translation of the wording on the book.
Device Commentary
Talan – I would blazon
this 'Azure, three bells and on a chief or an open book argent
bound inscribed ES VERUS IPSO sable': not only is the actual
placement of the line of division a bit high, but the coat that
I've blazoned is *much* more characteristic of period
armory. But the book appears to fall under a 1992
precedent:
[Or, an open book argent bound sable] the book is essentially
argent on Or, in violation of the Rule of Contrast. The
black binding does not remove the problem, as fimbriation
might --- for it doesn't completely surround the charge.
(Caelina Lærd Reisende, December, 1992, pg. 15)
http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/precedents/bruce/I.html
I did not look for later precedents, however.
Ary - His name was accepted
by Laurel June 2005. He should be advised to draw the per fess
line at the ticks drawn on the escutcheon; but this is just close
enough that it can probably be sent forward and not returned for
a redrawing.
There is no proper tincture for a book. This is: "A
book argent, bound brown? gules?" (it's hard to tell on the
scanned copy, and in any case, it's basically negligible on the
top and bottom). As drawn, this is metal on metal (argent on
Or). This has inadequate contrast, and should be returned.
Knut - The argent book on Or violates RfS VIII.2.b.i.
A&M - The book still lacks sufficient contrast with the field.
DEVICE RETURNED. THOUGH THE CLIENT HAS PROVIDED THE TRANSLATION OF THE INSCRIPTION, THERE IS STILL INADEQUATE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE BOOK AND THE FIELD. I HAVE CHECKED AND THE PRECEDENT FROM 1992 STILL STANDS.
11) {Isabelle Aquinus (F) -- New Name}
(Gleann Iaruinn)
Client will *not* accept major changes but *will* allow the surname to be changed to Aguinas.
[Isabelle] -- dated to 1327 in Talan Gwynek's "Fem. Given Names in 'A Dic. of Eng. Surnames'," s.n. Isabel (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/)
[Aquinus] -- s.n. Acquin in Morlet, "Dictionnaire
Étymologique des Noms de Famille," (ac-, voir ACHART; -win,
ami, élément quia été confondu trés tôt avec le suff.
-inus> in, var. Achin, Achain
Name Commentary
Talan - > Client will
*not* accept major changes but *will* allow the surname to be
changed to Aguinas.
I presume that this is a typo for <Aquinas>.
> [Isabelle] -- dated to 1327 in Talan Gwynek's "Fem.
Given Names in 'A Dic. of Eng. Surnames'," s.n. Isabel
(http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/)
As we'll see below, that's far too late to be helpful, and we
need a French-language context. Morlet, Les Noms de
Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe
Siècle, II:46 s.n. <Elisabeth> has <Isabel> from the
very late 11th or the 12th century, along with <Issabel>
from the same period and <Isabellis> from the 12th century.
Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Isabel> have even early
Anglo-French citations, including <Isabel> 1141x1149 and
ca.1160.
The spelling <Isabelle> appears somewhat later: the usual
Old French spellings corresponding to modern French <-elle>
are <-el> and <-ele>. For instance, in the
Paris tax roll of 1297 the name is still spelled <Ysabel>,
with <-el> rather than <-elle>. The only
evidence that comes to hand for an early <-elle> spelling
is the citation William Isabelle> 1202x1216 in Reaney &
Wilson. The forename here has been modernized from a Latin
original, probably <Willelmus>, but the byname is the
documentary form, and at this very early date it's a literal
metronymic. Thus, <Isabelle> was a possible (if
unusual) spelling of the name in England in the very early 13th
century. This probably means that the spelling was possible
at this date in France as well.
> [Aquinus] -- s.n. Acquin in Morlet, "Dictionnaire
Étymologique des Noms de Famille," (ac-, voir ACHART; -win,
ami, élément quia été confondu trés tôt >avec le suff.
-inus> in, var. Achin, Achain
Typo: 'quia' should be 'qui a', two words, and there should be a
space after '-inus', making it '-inus > in'.
The byname <Aquinus> simply won't work; the closest one
could legitimately come to the submitted name is probably
<Isabel filia Aquini>. To explain this perhaps I'd
best start by explaining Morlet's brief notes on the modern
French surname <Acquin> and, since I have more room, a bit
of what lies behind them. (Note, though, that I'm leaving
out a lot.)
The starting point is a pair of Germanic roots, *<agjô->
'edge' and *<wini-> 'beloved', that developed into Germanic
name elements. In Old English, for instance, they produced
the familiar name elements <Ecg-> and <-wine>, as in
<Ecgbeorht> and <Goldwine>, for instance. In
the Frankish and Saxon dialects on the Continent, however,
*<agjô-> produced <Agi->, often further reduced to
<Ag->, which in turn was often 'hardened' to
<Ac->. In her Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire
de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siècle, I:20b-22b, Morlet has
examples of all of these types (e.g., <Agiulfus> 601,
<Aghardus> 861, and <Achardus> 895, with first
elements <Agi->, <Ag->, and <Ac->,
respectively). The initial vowel also sometimes becomes
<E>, as in Morlet's <Ecuin> 1100. (For future
reference, here are the forms of this name that she found:
<Aguinus>, <Acuinus>, <Acoinus>,
<Aquinus>, <Ecquinus>, <Ecuin>, and
<Equinus>.)
The second element was frequently reduced to <-win>, which
was usually spelled <-uin> in Latin and Romance contexts
(as in <Ecuin> above), or with a Latin inflectional suffix
<-uinus>. Another common spelling was
<-oin(us)>, as in <Acoinus> above.
When the Germanic name <Agiwin> (<Agwin>,
<Acwin>, etc.) was borrowed into the Romance dialect that
would eventually become Old French, its Germanic second element
<-win> in its Latinized form <-winus>, <-uinus>
was often confused with the Latin diminutive suffix <-inus>
that gave rise to the French diminutive suffix <-in>
(feminine <-ine>). When this happened, the /w/ sound
was often lost, so that instead of early Gallo-Romance
<Aquin>, pronounced roughly \ah-KWEEN\, you got something
pronounced roughly \ah-KEEN\. This was then subject to an
early Gallo-Romance sound shift that turned the \k\ sound into
something very much like \tch\ when it occurred at the beginning
of a syllable and was followed by , <au>, <e>, or ;
the result was an early Old French name <Achin> whose
pronunciation was roughly \ah-TCHEEN\. The surname
<Achain> arose similarly.
We can now unpack Morlet's very brief comment:
ac-, voir ACHART; -win, ami, élément qui a été
confondu trés tôt avec le suff. -inus > in, var. Achin,
Achain
She begins by identifying the first element as <Ac-> and
directing the reader to the entry for <Achart> for
further information on this element. She then
identifies the second element as <-win> 'friend',
adding that it was an 'element that was confounded very
early with the suffix <-inus>, the source of the (French)
suffix <-in>'. (Her '>' means 'gave rise to,
developed into'.) There are variants <Achin> and
<Achain> that result from this confusion.
By now it should be clear that the actual Old French name was
<Aquin>, <Acquin>, etc., with variants like
<Achin> resulting from the confusion of the Germanic name
element <-win> with the Gallo-Romance diminutive suffix
<-in>. (These variants are not relevant to this submission,
and I'll say no more about them.) This masculine name
<A(c)quin> was Latinized as <Aquinus> (with variants
<Acuinus>, etc.). Morlet's citations for it run
through 1118, which is about as late as her sources go, and the
name gave rise to a modern surname, so it's very likely that it
survived in use at least till the 13th century or so. This
means that it's at least possible to have a woman named
<Isabel> who is the daughter of a man named
<Aquin>. In the vernacular she might be called
<Isabel Aquin>. In documentary Latin -- and most
documents of this period *were* in Latin -- she'd be <Isabel
filia Aquini> 'Isabel daughter of Aquin'; here <Aquin>
has been Latinized to <Aquinus>, which has then been put
into the genitive case, <Aquini>, to indicate
possession. (Very rarely the <filia> is omitted, and
you get something like <Isabel Aquini> 'Aquin's Isabel',
but I'm not sure that I've seen this done either so early or in
France, and the Latinized patronymic is still in the genitive
case, not the nominative.)
The byname of Thomas Aquinas, the 13th century philosopher, has a
completely different source: he was Italian, born near the city
of Aquino. <Aquinas>, like the more familiar
adjective <Aquinensis> 'of Aquino', is both masculine and
feminine, but in Italy I have found the forename only in the
forms <Isabella> and <Ysabella> (e.g., in http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/imola.html
and http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/perugia/ ).
<Isabella Aquinas> would be a possible Latinized Italian
name equivalent to <Isabella Aquinensis> and <Isabella
de Aquino>, but French <Isabelle> is unlikely in Italy.
NAME RETURNED PER TALAN’S COMMENTS.
12) Isabella van Naersen (F) -- New Name
(Garrettsville, OH)
Client will accept all changes and prefer 14-15th century Dutch
[Isabella] -- Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Dutch Names 1358-1361 Feminine Names" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/dutch/earlydutch14.html)
[van Naersen] dated 1422 in "Locative Surnames," by Aryanhwy merch Catmael's "15th Century Dutch Names," (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/dutch/dutch15.html)
Name Commentary
Talan – The name and
documentation are fine.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL
13) *Isleifr Arnors son -- Device Resubmission -- Argent
estencelly, an anvil and three eagles sable.
(Shipshewana, IN)
(Name accepted by RS Apr. '05 and is currently at Laurel)
The device (Argent estencilly, an anvil and three eagles sable) was returned Feb. '05 as his name was returned the month before.
REBLAZON: Argent estencely, a single-horned anvil between three eagles displayed sable.
Device Commentary
Ary – The anvil is _between_ the eagles. I found no conflicts. The name was registered as <{I'}sleifr Arn{o'}rs son> on the August 2005 LoAR.
Knut - Argent
estencelly, an anvil between three eagles sable
Clear
Talan - Argent estencely, a single-horned anvil between three eagles displayed sable. (Might as well play safe with defaults, and 'between' is essential.)
DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
14) Jessyca of Rivenvale (F) -- Name and Device
Resubmission -- Azure, a wolf's head erased between three
maple leaves argent.
(Rivenvale)
Client will accept all changes and likes Jessica. She did try to register 'Brenda of Rivenvale's for lack of documentation by RS, Dec. '04 and the device (Azure, a wolf's head erased between three maple leaves argent) was also returned.
[Jessyca] -- Mundane name (photocopy of driver license is included.)
[Rivenvale] -- Branch name, registered Oct. 02 via Middle.
Name Commentary
Ary – I found no
conflicts with the name or arms.
Device Commentary
Knut - George of Glen
Laurie - August of 1979 (via Caid): Azure, a St. Bernard
dog's head couped at the neck bearing a cask at its neck, all
proper. [Canis familiaris extrariis St. Bernardi]
Single CD for the secondaries.
Return for conflict.
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
15) Jocelyn de Lutterwurth (F) -- Name Change from
"Rhiannon Jocelyn"
(Tree Girt Sea)
(Name Rhiannon Jocelyn reg'd Jun '94)
Client will accept all changes and "is *not* requesting increased authenticity." She is also requesting that she retains her old name to be used as an alternate name.
[Jocelyn] -- Withycombe, "Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," 3rd ed., p. 177, s.n. Jocelyn, Josceln, [Jocelin] dated to 1196 and [Joscelin] dated to 1199. Submitter desires the header form.
[de] -- meaning 'of'
[Lutterwurth] -- Ekwall, "The Oxforc Dic. of Eng. Place-names," p. 293, s.n. Lutterworth; [Lutterwurth] dated to 1242
Name Commentary
Talan - For the desired
spelling Bardsley s.n. <Joslin> has <Thomas Jocelyn>
1273; at that date the patronymic is very likely literal.
And it doesn't really matter whether it was or not: the name was
certainly still in use -- e.g., <Jocelin le Castlelyn> 1292
(Bardsley s.n. <Castellan>) -- and the <Jocelyn>
citation therefore shows a possible late-13th century
spelling of a current forename.
I hope that the submitter knows that in period (and indeed until
modern times) <Jocelyn> is strictly a masculine name.
> [de] -- meaning 'of'
> [Lutterwurth] -- Ekwall, "The Oxforc
Typo: Oxford
> Dic. of Eng. Place-names," p. 293, s.n. Lutterworth;
[Lutterwurth] dated to 1242
To which can be added an actual byname example: Reaney &
Wilson s.n. <Lutterworth> have <de Lutterwrthe> 1209.
This is a fine *masculine* name; this is of course perfectly
acceptable, but I hope that the submitter is aware of the fact.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL. SUBMITTER IS AWARE THAT THE NAME IS MASCULINE. SHE HAS MARKED THE BOX THAT SHE DOES NOT CARE ABOUT THE GENDER.
16) Jolicia atte Northclyf (F) -- New Name
(Cleftlands)
Client will *not* accept major changes.
[Jolicia] -- Talan's "Fem. Given Names in Reaney and
Wilson," d. in this spelling to 1214
(http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/)
[atte] -- Reaney and Wilson,"A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," s.n. Nunn -- 1325 [John atte Nunnes]
[Northclyf] -- R &W, s.n. Northcliffe: 1307 [Henry de Northclyf]
Name Commentary
Talan – > [Jolicia] -- Talan's "Fem. Given
Names in Reaney and Wilson," d. in this spelling to 1214
> (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/ )
No, the date is 1219. (Note that this is undoubtedly a
documentary Latin form of something else, perhaps something
like <Yolent>. This doesn't affect its
registerability, of course.)
> [atte] -- Reaney and Wilson,"A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames," s.n. Nunn -- 1325 [John atte Nunnes]
> [Northclyf] -- R &W, s.n. Northcliffe: 1307 [Henry de
Northclyf]
In general <de> and <atte> are not interchangeable;
<atte> is a Middle English contraction of <at þe>
'at the' and is used in topographical locative bynames indicating
residence near some natural or man-made topographical feature,
while <de> is a documentary preposition normally used in
toponymic bynames, i.e., those deriving from actual place-names.
However, <de> is sometimes used in topographical bynames as
well, and that actually appears to be the case here: as the full
entry in Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Northcliffe> shows, the
same person who appears in 1307 with the byname <de
Northclyf> also appears in 1309 with the byname <del
Northeclif>, where <del> is documentary French for 'of
the, at the' and is therefore precisely equivalent to Middle
English <atte Northeclif> 'at the north cliff'. (The
citation is from Yorkshire, and there actually is a North Cliff
in Yorkshire East Riding. Its name obviously began as a
topographical description, and it's possible that ca.1300 the
designation was still hovering somewhere between topographical
description and genuine toponym.) Thus, the basic idea
behind the byname is fine, and we need only find a spelling
compatible with the forename. Since Withycombe has
<Joleicia> 1346, we can safely assume that Latinized
<Jolicia> was still available at the same time as the 1307
<Northclyf> spelling. Thus, the submitted name is
fine, though the documentation originally supplied isn't
sufficient to show this.
Ary - - <atte> is generally used with generic toponyms, and not names of specific places. Unless evidence for <atte> with a city/town name can be found, or evidence for <Northclyf> as a generic toponym, this should be corrected to the documented form.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL
17) Juliana Spencer (F) -- New Name and Device -- Per
pale argent and vert, a dance counterchanged.
(Cattenden)
Client will *not* accept major changes.
[Juliana] -- dated to 1275 and 1388 in "Feminine Given Names in 'A Dic. of Eng. Surnames'," by Talan, KWHSS, A.S. XXIX
[Spencer] -- Bardsley, "A Dic. of Eng. and Welsh Surnames," (s.n. Spencer) attests to John le Spencer, Co. Southampton, dated to 1273 and Thomas Spenser in 1379.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Juliana] --
dated to 1275 and 1388 in "Feminine Given Names in 'A Dic.
of Eng. Surnames'," by Talan, KWHSS,
Typo: KWHS
> A.S. XXIX
Again, this is almost certainly a documentary Latin form of a
vernacular <Gillian>, <Gellian>, or the like.
> [Spencer] -- Bardsley, "A Dic. of Eng. and Welsh
Surnames," (s.n. Spencer) attests to John le Spencer, Co.
> Southampton, dated to 1273 and Thomas Spenser in 1379.
The name is fine; the documentation is adequate.
Ary - Lovely name and arms. I found no conflicts with either.
Device Commentary
Piotr - Very nice.
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
18) Kaðall beytill Bjarnarson (M) -- New Name
(Fenix)
Client will *not* accept major changes and wants to keep the first two name elements.
[Kaðall] -- "The Old Norse Name"; Geirr-Bassi Haraldsson; p. 12; s.n. Given names; shows [Kaðall] as a given name (m);
[beytill] -- Geirr- Bassi, p. 20 s.n. Nicknames; gives [beytill] meaning 'banger' or 'horse penis'.
[Bjarnarson] -- Geirr-Bassi, p. 8 s.n. Given names; [Bjorn] as a given name and p. 18 s.n. Patronymics gives the proper patronymic form as [Bjarnarson]
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Kaðall] --
"The Old Norse Name"; Geirr-Bassi Haraldsson; p. 12;
s.n. Given names; shows [Kaðall] as a given name
> (m);
This is actually a borrowing of Old Irish <Cathal>; it is
found in three 10th-century patronymics in Landnámabók and in a
somewhat later patronymic in Njáls saga (E.H. Lind,
Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden,
Uppsala, 1905-1915; s.n. <Kaðall>).
> [beytill] -- Geirr- Bassi, p. 20 s.n. Nicknames; gives
[beytill] meaning 'banger' or 'horse penis'.
The meaning is actually quite uncertain; it has also been
suggested that it may signify 'braggart' (E.H. Lind,
Norsk-Isländska Personbinamn från Medeltiden, Uppsala, 1920-1,
s.v. <Beytill>). The one known example is early, the
grandfather of one of the land-takers, so the byname is certainly
compatible with <Kaðall>.
> [Bjarnarson] -- Geirr-Bassi, p. 8 s.n. Given names; [Bjorn]
Typo: <Bjo,rn>
> as a given name and p. 18 s.n. Patronymics gives the proper
patronymic form as [Bjarnarson]
The patronym was one of the very most common names in both Norway
and Iceland from earliest times (Lind, Dopnamn s.n.
<Bio,rn>), so the patronymic is fine. Note, however,
that runic inscriptions and early manuscript sources generally
separate the patronym from the <son>, so <Kaðall
beytill Bjarnar son> would be a bit more authentic.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL
19) Katerine Morgane de Montrevel (F) New Name and
Device -- Per bend Or and sable, on a bend gules between a
natural panther dormant sable and a peacock pavonated three
fleurs-de-lys Or.
(Starleaf Gate)
Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for sound.
Katerine] -- Reaney and Wilson, s.n. Katerin: [Katerina filia Johannis] 1208; [Caterina] 1214; [Robert Katerine] c. 1286
[Morgane] -- R&W, s.n. Morgan: [John Morgane] 1419
[de] -- french article 'of'
[Montrevel] -- Dauzat and Rostaing, "Noms de Leiux" s.n. mons: Montrevel: [Montrivel] c. 1198, castri Montis Revelli 13th century.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Katerine] -- Reaney and Wilson, s.n.
Katerin: [Katerina filia Johannis] 1208; [Caterina] 1214; [Robert
Katerine]
> c. 1286
The date is *not* 'c. 1286', which is an abbreviation of 'circa
1286' and means 'approximately 1286'; it is simply 1286.
> [Morgane] -- R&W, s.n. Morgan: [John Morgane] 1419
Reaney & Wilson actually took this citation from Black s.n.
<Morgan>; it's from Glasgow in Scotland. Thus, we
really want a Scottish spelling of the forename. Black s.n.
<Hill> has <Catarine Mortimer> 1360; she came from
London but was 'one of the inmates of the harem of David
II'. Ibid. s.n. <Unthank> has <Katarina
Unthank> 1477 in Edinburgh, though this forename may be
Latinized. Ibid. s.n. <Yallower> has <Katrine
Yalloar> 1499 in Dunfermline. On this evidence
<Katerine> is probably justifiable in combination with
<Morgane>.
By the way, since the submitter particularly cares about the
sound of the name, I should point out that at this date a
Scottish <Morgane> almost certainly represents a
pronunciation close to \MOR-gahn\, *not* \mor-GAYN\ or the like.
> [de] -- french article 'of'
It is not an article; it is a preposition.
> [Montrevel] -- Dauzat and Rostaing, "Noms de
Leiux"
Typo: Lieux
> s.n. mons:
The headword is capitalized: Mons
> Montrevel: [Montrivel] c. 1198,
The date is *not* 'c. 1198', which is an abbreviation of 'circa
1198' and means 'approximately 1198'; it is simply 1198.
> castri Montis Revelli 13th century.
It would be interesting to know why the submitter thinks that
it's reasonable to add a French locative byname to a 15th century
Scottish name, or for that matter to a 15th century
English name; I can't justify it.
Device Commentary
Knut - Clear
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
20) Lewana de Panton (F) -- Quarterly azure and
argent, in bend sinister two domestic cats rampant sable.
(Dragon's Vale)
Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for sound.
[Lewana] -- "Feminine Given Names in 'A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames'," by Talan Gwynek dated to 1198 It is
(http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/)
[de Panton] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 337, s.n. Panton; [Ralph de Panton] 1190; [Thomas de Panton] 1255.
Name Commentary
Talan - <Lewana de Panton> is a fine documentary form, and the documentation is also fine.
Device Commentary
Knut - Cynan Gould - March
of 1999 (via the East): Quarterly azure and argent, in bend
two lions rampant Or.
Single CD for the tincture of the primaries. No CD for the
forced move.
Return for conflict.
Ary – The arms are clear of Cunradt Scholl von
Franken (reg. 08/2001via Atlantia), "Quarterly gules and Or,
in bend sinister a catamount rampant and another contourny
sable," with one CD for the field, and one for changing the
orientation of one of the cats. In Lewana's nor Cynan's case is
the placement of the charges forced. They could equally be in
pale or in fess. Hence, there is a second CD for the
placement of the charges.
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.
21) {Liesel von Schleswig} (F) -- New Name
(Drachenstein)
Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for sound.
[Liesel] -- Bahlow, "Gentry German Names,"
"Vornamen," s.n. Liese gives Liesel (undated) as a
diminuitive. Name is a form of Elizabeth.
Talan's article "15th C. German Women's Given Names," (http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/german15f.html)
cites one instance of <Lyse>.
[von] -- German locative marker "from"
[Schleswig] -- Bahlow, "Geographishe Namenwelt," s.n. Schleswig, undated.
Name Commentary
Talan - From Academy of S.
Gabriel Report Nr. 2910:
You asked us if <Liesel Bluome> would be an
appropriate name for a German woman in the fifteenth
century. In your period the diminutive suffixes <-el> and
<-l> were common in several parts of southern and central
Germany [1]. Although they are now probably most
strongly associated with Austria and Bavaria, we will
concentrate on the region around the former monastery of
Arnsburg, a bit north of Frankfurt am Main, for which we have
much more extensive data.
<Liesel> is a diminutive of <Liese>, a pet form of
<Elisabeth> [2]. We have not found a period example
of <Liesel> in any spelling or of <Liese> in that
specific spelling, but in our Arnsburg data the spelling
<Lyse> is well represented in the first half of the 14th
century and is found through the 15th century. The
diminutive suffix <-ele> (occasionally <-el>) is also
well represented in that period: [3]
<Cunzele> from
<Kunegunde>
<Meckele> from
<Mechtild>
<Rychele> from
some name beginning with <Rich->, e.g.,
<Richlinde>
<Gudel> from
<Gude>
<Kunzele> from
<Kunegunde>, a spelling variant of the first
example
<Irmele> from
likely <Irmengard>
The first three above examples
date from 1300-1350, the next two from 1350-1400, and the last
from 1400-1500.
Although we do not have an example of <Lysele> in these
records, this name follows the pattern of the diminutives listed
above and would not look at all out of place among them.
Since pet forms and diminutives are in general much more common
in speech than in written records, it's quite possible that
<Lysele> was in occasional use and simply didn't make it
into the written record. At the very least the name is
consistent with documented 15th century naming practice in the
region around Arnsburg, and we would not be at all surprised if
it was actually used there.
The relevant references, slightly reformatted and with page
numbers limited to those relevant here:
[1] Priebsch, R., and W.E. Collinson. The
German Language, 3rd edn. (London: Faber & Faber Limited,
1948); pp. 236f.
[2] Drosdowski, Günther. Duden Lexikon der
Vornamen, 2nd edn. (Mannheim: Dudenverlag, 1974); s.n.
<Liese>.
[3] Mulch, Roland. Arnsburger Personennamen:
Untersuchungen zum Namenmaterial aus Arnsburger Urkunden vom 13.
- 16. Jahrhundert (Darmstadt & Marburg: Hessischen
Historischen Kommission Darmstadt and the Historischen Kommission
für Hessen, 1974); pp. 38ff, 79, 312.
Thus, at least in some parts of Germany a late-period
<Lysel> (or <Lisel>) can be supported. I've
been unable to find any evidence to suggest that the <ie>
spelling is
period, however. On the other hand, a late-period
<Lysel> or <Lisel> would have been pronounced about
like modern <Liesel>, i.e., roughly \LEE-z@l\, where \@\
stands for the schwa sound spelled in <about> and
<sofa>, so this spelling change doesn't affect the sound.
Unfortunately, there's another problem. Medieval German
dialects are divided into two families, Low German and High
German, and the differences between the two are
considerable. From a geographic point of view, roughly the
northern third of Germany spoke Low German dialects; the rest
spoke dialects of High German. As is noted in reference [1]
above, the diminutive suffix <-el> is a High German suffix;
Schleswig, on the other hand, is on the German-Danish border, not
just in the Low German area but about as far from the High German
area as it's possible to get.
The Low German diminutive suffix that best corresponds to High
German <-el(e)> is <-ek(e)>; examples are <Berteke
Plessesche> 1441, where <Berteke> is a diminutive of
<Berta> (or possibly <Berte>) and <Metteke van
Ursleve> 1344, where <Metteke> is a diminutive of
<Mette>, a pet form of <Mettilda> (R. Zoder,
Familiennamen in Ostfalen, 2 vols., Hildesheim, 1968; vol. 1, pp.
53, 27). More accessible examples may be found at http://www.blume-gen.de/bergkirchen-tuerken-1549.html
; this is a 1549 tax register from Sachsenhagen, Niedersachsen
(Lower Saxony). (The tax was a poll tax levied on everyone
who had taken confirmation, which means roughly on everyone aged
14 and up; its purpose was to raise money to pay troops levied
for defense against the Turks.) In fact *most* of the
women's names in this document are diminutives in <-(e)ke>:
<Anneke>, <Geske> (from <Gertrud>),
<Greteke> (from <Margrete> by way of <Grete>),
<Heileke> (from <Heilwig>), <Ilseke> (from
<Ilse> and <Ilsa>), and <Metteke>.
On top of that, I haven't seen the pet form <Liese>
(<Lyse>, <Lise>, etc.) in period in the Low German
area. The tendency there is for <Elisabeth> to turn
into <Ilsebet>, which can then lose the final <t> to
become <Ilsebe> (e.g., <Ilsebe> 1390, 1560 [Zoder,
op. cit., pp. 119, 109]); these have pet forms <Ilse>,
<Ylse>, etc. (e.g., <Ilse> 1323, 1585, <Ylse>
1381 [Zoder, op. cit., p. 95, 110]), with diminutive
<Ilseke> as seen above. The name also becomes
<Elzebethe> and the like (<Elzebethe> 1415 [Zoder,
op. cit., 139]), with pet form <Else> (<Else> 1366
[Zoder, op. cit., p. 78]). The closest I've seen is
<Lisebet(h)>, from the 1549 tax roll cited above. And
if the shortened form <Lise> *was* used in the north, it
would have formed a diminutive <Liseke> or the like, not
<Lisel>.
> [von] -- German locative marker "from"
It's a locative *preposition*, and it's better glossed 'of,
from'.
> [Schleswig] -- Bahlow, "Geographishe
Typo: Geographische
> Namenwelt,"
The correct title is <Deutschlands geographische
Namenwelt>.
> s.n. Schleswig, undated.
The town of Schleswig first appears in record in 804, as
<Sliasthorp>, and later in the 9th and 10th centuries as
<Sliaswich> and <Haithabu>. The <Slias->
names are Saxon and Frankish, while <Haithabu> (later
<Hedeby>) is Scandinavian. The town lies at the head
of the Schlei, a narrow, navigable inlet of the Baltic Sea from
which it takes its name: <Sliaswich> is roughly 'settlement
on the Schlei'.
<http://www.lgs2008.de/Default.asp?MP=1&UM=8>
<http://www.marschundfoerde.de/artikel/schleswig.html>
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haithabu>
<http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haithabu>
<www.uni-kiel.de/international/betreuung/ka/ka05-haithabu.pdf>
Adam of Bremen (2nd half of the 11th century), Gesta
Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, mostly writes
<Sliaswig> (e.g., Book 1, Chapters 27 and 43; Book 2,
Chapters 3, 4, 19, 33, 34, 44, 54, 70, 75; Book 3, Chapters 12,
17), though in Book 1, Chapter 59, he writes
<Sliaswich>. For the Schlei he writes <Slia>
(Scholium 95).
<http://hbar.phys.msu.su/gorm/chrons/bremen.htm>
In High German (and hence in modern standard German) the
combination <Sl-> regularly developed into <Schl->,
but in Low German it remained <Sl-> (e.g., German
<Schlaf> 'sleep' (noun), Low German <slâp>; German
<schlagen> 'to strike, to hit', Low German <slân>
and <slagen>; German <schlingen> 'to tie, to wrap; to
coil oneself about something', Low German <slingen> [OED
s.vv. <sleep>, <slay>, <sling>]).
Similarly, in Low German the name of the city is <Sleswig>,
as may be seen from the Low German Wikipedia article at
<http://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleswig>. The modern
form is found already in a Danish document of 16 September 1410
that is actually written in Low German and mentions <de
hertogynne van Sleswig> 'the duchess of Schleswig'
(<http://dd.dsl.dk/diplomer/10-133.html>). Note also
the use of the Low German form of the preposition, <van>.
Another period form, <Sleszwygk>, is seen in a letter dated
22 April 1471 from the council of the city of Hamburg to the
council of the city of Schleswig
(<http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/3frame.html?/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/js/js103.htm>).
To sum up, we have no period evidence for the <ie> spelling
of the forename, but <Lysel> and <Lisel> can be
justified for parts of the High German area. We have no
evidence of the pet form <Lise>, <Lyse> in the Low
German area, and the diminutive suffix <-el> is definitely
a High German form. Schleswig is about as far into the Low German
area as it's possible to get, so the combination of forename (in
any spelling) and byname is extremely unlikely. The only
diminutive of a pet form of <Elisabeth> that I can document
in Low German is <Ilseke>. On the evidence of
<Lisebet(h)> 1549 we might perhaps conjecture a diminutive
<Liseke>. (Of course <Lisebet> and
<Lisebeth> are also fine.) Finally, the standard Low
German form of the byname is <van Sleswig>. Thus,
<Ilseke van Sleswig> would be fine, as would <Lisebet(h)
van Sleswig>, and <Liseke van Sleswig> might be a
reasonable conjecture.
NAME RETURNED FOR LACK OF DOCUMENTATION
22) Little John of Hamilton (M)-- New Name and Device
-- Per chevron vert and argent, two trumpets in chevron
inverted Or, a bull passant sable, on a chief argent the word
"Sexton" sable.
(Starencodha)
Client will *not* accept major changes.
[John] -- Withycombe, "The Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," states that "John was a fairly common English name in the 12-15th Century . . ." s.n. John
[Hamilton] -- Hamilton is a header in Eckwall, "The Oxford Dic. of Eng. Place-names," states that the original form is doubtful, but dates variants: [Hamelton] 1125; [Hameldon] 1220-35
[Little] -- header form in Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," dated variants: [Little] 972-1095; [Thomas le Lytle] 1296.
REBLAZON: Per chevron vert and argent, two trumpets inverted in chevron or and a bull passant sable and on a chief argent the word SEXTON sable.
(Esct. Note: This name is not a conflict with Little John, the character from the Robin Hood legend. RFS V.1.b.ii says "A personal name containing at most two name phrases does not conflict with any personal name containing a different number name phrases." As the character from the Robin Hood legend is only known by his given name and the descriptive byname, adding a locative here clears conflict. However, this raises the question of whether the name is presumptuous of this character. We believe that it is not. For a name to be presumptuous, the names must either be in conflict or the allusion must be so strong that there is no doubt that the name is an attempt to be the person it presumes on. The addition of the locative, which is not associated with the Robin Hood character, is sufficient to clear both conflict and presumption. [LoAR 06/2005, Gleann Abhann-A]")
Name Commentary
Talan - > [John] --
Withycombe, "The Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names,"
states that "John was a fairly common English name in the
12-15th Century . . ." s.n. John
This, however, is a statement about the name in all its forms,
not a statement about the specific form <John>. In
the 12th century, for instance, it's hard to find anything but
Latin forms, <Johannes> and close variants. Most of
the apparent forename instances of <John> in Reaney &
Wilson are editorial: the practice of replacing the original
Latinized forms with standard modern forms is extremely common,
and Reaney & Wilson were at the mercy of the editors of the
sources on which they drew. Their article on <John>
shows the multiplicity of forms in which the name actually
occurred in medieval English documents. My own experience
suggests that <Jon> and <Jone> were among the most
common of the clearly vernacular forms in the 13th and 14th
centuries, but there is some evidence for <John> in their
article in the form of bynames <John> 1279 and
<Johns> 1327.
> [Hamilton] -- Hamilton is a header in Eckwall,
Typo: Ekwall
> "The Oxford Dic. of Eng. Place-names," states that
the original form is doubtful, but dates variants: [Hamelton]
1125; [Hameldon] 1220-35
Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Hamilton>, ignoring the two
Scottish citations taken from Black: <de Hamelton'> 1195,
<deHamil'ton> 1327.
> [Little] -- header form in Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic.
of Eng. Surnames," dated variants: [Little] 972-1095;
No. First, the actual byname is <Litle>, not
<Little>. Secondly, '972-1095' means 'occurring throughout
the interval from 972 through 1095'; in fact there are just two
citations involved, one dated 972, the other dated ca.1095 (*not*
1095). The correct information here is '<Litle>, 972,
ca.1095'.
> [Thomas le Lytle] 1296.
And a look through the various <Little-> surnames in Reaney
& Wilson or Bardsley shows that the usual medieval spellings
are <litel>, <lytel>, <litle>, <lytle>,
<litil>, <lytil>, and the like; spellings with
<tt> are unusual, and the modern spelling is very rare
before the 16th century. One of the rare exceptions is
found at Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Littlebond>: <Waldev
Littlebond> 1231.
Thus, the spellings in <Little John> can both be found in
the 13th century, but they're both unusual; much more typical of
the 13th and 14th centuries is <Litel Jon> 1350 (Reaney
& Wilson s.n. <Littlejohn>). (I've emphasized the
13th and 14th centuries because the overall structure of the name
best fits that period; after about 1400 prepositional locatives,
for instance, are very rare.)
In short, the name is registerable as submitted, but it could
have been much more typical of the medieval period and looked
less like a modern spelling of a medieval name.
Device Commentary
Knut - Per chevron vert
and argent, two trumpets inverted in chevron Or and a bull
passant sable, on a chief argent the word "Sexton"
sable
This has a borderline complexity count of eight.
Robert Corwin Silverthorne - December of 1998 (via the Outlands):
Vert, on a pile inverted ployé argent a corbie close sable
and on a chief argent a rapier reversed sable.
Single CD for the trumpets. No CDs for type only of the
tertiaries.
Return for conflict.
Ary - There is a CD for changing just the type of tertiaries that lie on ordinaries. X.4.j.ii says "For armory that has no more than two types of charge directly on the field and has no overall charges, substantially changing the type of all of a group of charges placed entirely on an ordinary or other suitable charge is one clear difference. Only the new submission is required to meet these conditions in order to benefit from this clause."
Talan - Per chevron
vert and argent, two trumpets inverted in chevron or and a bull
passant sable and on a chief argent the word SEXTON sable.
(While the trumpets themselves are inverted, their arrangement is
not 'in chevron inverted'.
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
23) Lynette Silverlock (F) -- New Name and Device -- Vert,
on a bend azure fimbriated flory Or a linnet volant maintaining a
paintbrush argent.
(Alliance, OH)
Client will accept all changes and cares for sound.
[Lynnette] -- Withycombe, "The Oxford Dic. of Eng.
Christian Names," p. 197, s.n. Linnet, Lynette, "The
medieval French form of Welsh 'Eluned'"
Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 280,
s.n. Linnet has surname/byname forms [Linet] 1275 and [Lynot]
1389 partly derived as diminutive of "Lina". s.n. Line
-- [Lina] 1181 (given) and [Lyne] 1296. [Lynes] 1340 both as
surnames/bynames from"Lina", a pet-form of
"various female names ending <-lina>.
[Silverlock] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 401 s.n. Silverlock [Silverloc] 1268.
REBLAZON: Vert, on a bend azure fimbriated flory a linnet volant maintaining a paintbrush argent.
Name Commentary
Talan - We don't actually have any direct evidence for
<Lynette>; the closest is the byname <Linet> 1275,
which is ambiguous between a diminutive of <Lina> and a
nickname meaning 'linnet'. The substitution of <y>
for is not at all problematic given <Lynot>; indeed,
<y> is more likely than next to the minim letter
<n>. Early examples of the diminutive suffix that is
not <-ette> usually take the form <-et> or
<-ete>, but <-ette> isn't completely unknown; Reaney
& Wilson s.n. <Ivatt> have a metronymic <Ivette>
1262, and the same name occurs as a forename <Iuette> in
1219 (ibid. s.n. <Lockton>). A later example of the
suffix is <Evatte> 1420 (ibid. s.n. <Evatt>). Thus,
<Lynette> is at least a possible form from ca.1200 on, if
not at all typical.
> [Silverlock] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames," p. 401 s.n. Silverlock [Silverloc] 1268.
Early citations of bynames with the <-lock> element almost
always have <-loc>, <-lok>, or <-loke>, but
Bardsley s.n. <Whitelock> has <Whytelock> 1326.
This should be sufficient to justify <Lynette Silverlock>
as a rather unusual 14th century English feminine
name.
Device Commentary
Talan - The fimbriation on the bend is argent, not gold. The bird could equally well be described as perched on the brush with its wings elevated and addorsed.
Knut - Wings addorsed isn't the normal period depiction of volant.
Piotr - redraw or re blazon as the Or is not evident in the colored emblazon
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
24) Máel Dúin mac Gilla Énnae -- New Household Name
“ The Knot and Dragon Tavern” and Badge -- [Fieldless]
On a mug contourny Or, a dragon nowed vert.
(Shadowed Stars)
(Name passed RS, Aug ‘05 and is at Laurel)
Client will *not* accept major changes.
[Dragon] -- dated to 1374 in “English Sign Names,” by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/inn).
According to the paperwork: “This name follows the patterns of tavern names in the same article. (example: Bear and Harrow, temp to James 1, Ewen, "A History of Surnames of the British Isles," p. 230)
Name Commentary
Talan - I doubt that
<Knot> is really all that likely, let alone this particular
combination, but I also don't see any clear argument against it.
Badge Commentary
Ary - This is clear of Peter Mihailopoulos (reg. 05/1991 via the West), "(Fieldless) On a tankard reversed Or a stafford knot inverted sable," with one CD for the field, and one for changing the type and tincture of the tertiary.
Talan – I prefer to
use 'reversed' with inanimate charges; existing registrations of
mugs and tankards seem to follow this convention as well.
The term 'tankard' is preferable.
The nowing of the dragon significantly reduces its
identifiability; the only registered instance seems to be
Geoffrey Athos von Ulm (for House Dragon Watch), 1/87, 'Pean, a
wingless dragon nowed Or'. It would be *much* improved as
'a dragon tail nowed', though this would require redrawing.
Knut - The knotwork
dragon's posture is unblazonable and irreproducible.
Peter Mihailopoulos - May of 1991 (via the West): (Fieldless)
On a tankard reversed Or a stafford knot inverted sable.
CD fieldless, possible CD for type and tincture of the
tertiaries.
Return for violating RfS VII.7.
NAME AND BADGE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
25) Malicke Leonhardt (M) -- New Name and Device -- Per
pale gules and Or, a lion rampant counterchanged, on a chief
sable three fleurs-de-lys argent.
(Falcon’s Quarry)
Client will accept all changes and prefers German, time period not given.
[Malicke] -- Bahlow, “Deutshes Namealexicon,“ p. 328, s.n. Mahlke, [Madlung - Mai, May]
[Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, "Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v. 2, p. 174 (1479 Joh Leonhardi aus Ulm), [Leong(e)ler - Leonharter]
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Malicke] -- Bahlow, “Deutshes
Namealexicon,“
Typo: Deutsches Namenlexikon
> p. 328, s.n. Mahlke, [Madlung - Mai, May]
<Madlung> and <Mai> are the first and last headwords
on the page; there's no need to mention them.
What Bahlow says s.n. <Mahlke> is that this is an East
German and Slavic surname that, like <Mahlich>, is
equivalent to <Malek>, <Malicke>, and <Malke>,
all originally meaning 'the little'. He mentions a
place-name <Malekendorp> 'little village' from near Lübeck
and adds that the surnames <Mahle>, <Mahling>, and
<Mahley> (from Slavic <Maly>) have the same basic
origin and sense.
To expand on that a little, Russian <malyj>, Czech
<malý>, and Polish <ma£y> (where I've used
<£> to stand for Polish slashed-l) all mean 'small,
little'. The German surnames <Mahle> and
<Mahley> derive directly from one of these (or a very
similar word in another Slavic language); the others show further
modification.
There is nothing here to suggest that any of these surnames was
ever in use as a forename. Unless someone can provide very
solid evidence of such use, this name will have to be returned
for want of a forename. (I'd hoped to come up with a
legitimate forename of similar sound, but so far I've not been
able to do so. To go with the surname, it ought to be a
later-period name, say from the 15th or 16th century, and it
ought to be found in the south.)
> [Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, "Etymologisches
Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v. 2, p. 174 (1479
Joh Leonhardi aus Ulm),
That's <Joh. Leonhardi>, and the <aus Ulm> is not
part of the citation; it merely indicates that the man was
recorded as being from Ulm.
> [Leong(e)ler - Leonharter]
Typo: Leng(e)ler
<Leng(e)ler> and <Leonharter> are simply the first
and last headwords on the page; there's no need to mention them.
The spelling <-ardt> (instead of <-art> or
<-ard>) is generally relatively late, but there are 15th
century examples; for instance, Brechenmacher s.n.
<Reichert> has <Lor. Reichardt> 1452 at Freiberg in
Saxony. Ary's 'German Names from Nürnberg, 1497' at http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html
notes the surnames <Danhardt>, <Deinhardt>,
<Engelhardt>, and <Manhardt>, all of which, like
<Leonhardt>, are patronymic from forenames with the same
second element.
Ary - Does Bahlow provide
any evidence that <Malicke> is a medieval given name?
I've never seen it before, in any language. Without such
evidence, the name is not
registerable.
NAME RETURNED FOR LACK OF EVIDENCE THAT <Malicke> WAS USED AS A GIVEN NAME. DEVICE RETURNED ALONG WITH THE NAME.
26) Mathgamain Sotal (M) -- New Name and Device -- Gules,
a sword inverted surmounted by two shephard’s crooks in
saltire Or
(Starleaf Gate)
Client will *not* accept major changes and prefers sound.
[Mathgamain] -- O’Corrain & Maguire, “Irish Names,” p. 135. This is the first header spelling and dated to 1019.
[Sotal] -- O’Corrain & Maguire, “Irish Names,” p. 50 s.n. Cernach, [Cernach Sotal], son of Diarmait ( d. 665) byname means: “the arrogant.”
According to the paperwork: “This is one step from period practice for 400 year gap between dates.”
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Mathgamain]
-- O’Corrain & Maguire, “Irish Names,” p. 135.
This is the first header spelling and dated to 1019.
Mari's Annals collection has a mention of the name in an annal
for the year 976
(<http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Mathgamain.shtml>).
> [Sotal] -- O’Corrain & Maguire, “Irish
Names,” p. 50 s.n. Cernach, [Cernach Sotal], son of Diarmait
( d. 665) byname means: “the arrogant.”
> According to the paperwork: “This is one step from
period practice for 400 year gap between dates.”
Probably closer to 300 years, and in any case <sotal>
'proud' continued down to modern times. [Patrick S. Dinneen,
Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla (Dublin: The Irish Text Society,
1934); s.v. <sotal>.] It's a plausible Middle Irish
name.
Ary - I found no conflicts with the name.
Device Commentary
Knut – Randal Avery of
the Mease - April of 2002 (via Artemisia): Gules, two swords
in saltire surmounted by another palewise inverted, each hilt
grasped by a gauntlet, all three blades enfiling the center link
of a chain of three links fesswise Or.
CD type of primaries, possible CD for number of primaries if the
chain or the gauntlets are large enough to be co-primary.
Visual call.
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
27) Mathieu de Merle (M)-- New Name and Device --
Per pale argent and sable, a knight maintaining in dexter hand a
sword and in sinister hand a shield counterchanged, on a chief
Or, a dragon statant sable.
(Garrettsville, OH)
Client will accept all changes and prefers 13th cen. French.
[Mathieu] -- Benicoeur, Arval, "French Names from Two Thirteenth Century Chronicles," Mas. Names. (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/crusades/crusadesHommes.html)
[de] -- element used locative surnames per articled cited.
[Merle] -- Benicoeur, Arval, "French Names from Two Thirteenth Century Chronicles," section: "Place Names Used in Locative Surnames." (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/crusades/crusadesLieux.html)
Name Commentary
Talan - > [de] -- element used locative surnames per
articled cited.
Typo: article
> [Merle] -- Benicoeur, Arval, "French Names from Two
Thirteenth Century Chronicles," section: "Place Names
Used in Locative Surnames."
>
(http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/crusades/crusadesLieux.html)
Both articles use modern forms, so neither is evidence of 13th
century spelling.
The place-name is not a problem. Dauzat & Rostaing
discuss it s.n. <Mêle-sur-Sarthe>, giving the citation
<de Merlo> 1153. The name, like French <merle>
'blackbird', which is attested from the 12th century, is from Low
Latin <merulus> 'blackbird', Classical Latin <merula>
(Petit Robert s.v. <merle>); the historical development is
from <merulus> to <merlus> already in Late Latin, and
then to Old French <merle>. The <-o> in
<Merlo> is a Latin inflectional ending for the ablative
case, required after <de>; it implies a Latin nominative
<Merlus> or <Merlum>, for which <Merle> is the
expected vernacular equivalent. Thus, <de Merle> is
in fact the probable 13th century Old French form of the
place-name.
The forename is another story: my earliest examples of the modern
form <Mathieu> are <Mathieu Douilly> 1366 and
<Mathieu Bauchant> 1368 (Marie-Thérèse Morlet, Étude
d'Anthroponymie Picarde: Les noms de personne en Haute Picardie
aux XIIIe, XIVe, XVe siècles, Les Presses du Palais Royal,
Paris, 1967, pp. 356, 286). Starting on p. 281 Morlet has a
register of all of the personal names in the sources that she
used, ordered alphabetically by byname; I went through and
extracted all of the 13th century citations of forms of this
name. (It's possible that I missed a few.) Here they are,
arranged by type, within type by date, and within type and date
alphabetically by byname; the bynames are sufficient to locate
the names in Morlet's register, but I've also given the page
number.
Matheus de Marli 1201 337
Matheus Thelarius 1229 458
Matheus de Pontruello 1237 343
Matheus le Dru 1239
401
Matheus Tholet 1240
459
Matheus Vrankin 1292 463
Matheus dictus Aloe 1295 282
Matheus Buridan 1295 297
Matheus D'Alaigne 1295 310
Matheus le Cresonnier 1295 400
Matheus Mairel 1295
430
Matheus le Waite 1295 421
Mahius Quatorze 1245 449
Mahius
1248 299 [s.n. <Carbonee>]
Mahius de Begnicourt 1269 314
Mahius Bigots 1270
289
Mahius li Goudaliers 1281 424
Mahius d'Oberville 1284 355
Mahius li Chandeliers 13th 423
Mahius Noiron 13th
439
Mahiu Roonel
1252 453
Mahiu Londrin 1264
427
Mahiu le Sestrelier 1271 417
Mahiu d'Ozoir 1282
357
Mahiu Blier
1290 290
Mahiu le Sage 1290
415
Mahiu Couvet
1300 308
Mahiu Courgemelles 13th 322
Maihius de Paris 1237 341
Maihius Mehaut 13th
434
Mahiuez Pumiels 1290 449
Maihiu le Petit 1218 412
Mahieus Bougis 1276
293
Mahieu le Tresorier 1295 419
<Matheus> is probably Latin, but the others appears to be
vernacular forms. Harry Jacobsson, Études d'Anthroponymie
Lorraine: Les Bans de Tréfonds de Metz (1267-1298), Lund, 1955,
pp. 91-3, not only gives his 13th century data from Metz but also
summarizes the findings of investigators who have looked at the
medieval names of other parts of France. In his own data the most
common forms (with number of instances in parentheses) are
<Matheu> (131), <Maheu> (95), <Maheus> (83),
<Matheus> (77), <Maitheu> (43), <Maiheu> (20),
<Maitheus> (14), and <Maiheus> (11); no other form
occurs as many as ten times. <Mathieu> does not occur
at all, either in his Metz data or in the other studies on which
he reports. He does mention that <Mahiu> is a
specifically Picard form and that much the most common forms in
Paris ca.1300 are <Mahi> and <Maci>.
The submitted form is certainly possible by the mid-14th
century; if the submitter is serious about wanting a 13th
century form, I'd go with <Matheu>, the most common form at
Metz in the second half of the 13th century, since it's the
closest to <Mathieu> among the forms that I can find in the
13th century, and make the name <Matheu de Merle>.
Ary - Arval's article uses modern forms of the names, and so this does not provide evidence for these spellings in period. The 1292 Paris census (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html) has no example of either element. <de Merle> can be found in my "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, & 1438" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/paris1423.html), as can <Mathieu>. So, the name is certainly fine for the 15th century; I don't know about the 13th century.
NAME CHANGED TO <Matheu de Merel> PER CLIENTS REQUEST FOR A 13TH CENTURY NAME. NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAURLE.
28) Matildis du Bois (F) -- Per pale argent and
sable, a phoenix, head to sinister and a chief rayonny
counterchanged gules and Or.
(Cleveland, OH)
Client will *not* accept major or minor changes.
[Matilda] -- Withycombe, "Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," 3rd ed. s.n. Matilda, p. 213, [Matildis] 1082
[du Bois] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 143, s.n. Dubois, du Bois, [John du Boys] 1275 "from old French 'du bois'."
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Matilda] -- Withycombe, "Oxford Dic.
of Eng. Christian Names," 3rd ed. s.n. Matilda, p. 213,
[Matildis] 1082
Note that <Matildis> is a Latin documentary form; there
were numerous spoken forms, most of them quite different from
<Matildis>. Some of these can be found in my article
'Feminine Given Names in _A Dictionary of English Surnames_',
which also has examples of the specific form <Matildis> as
late as 1286 (for a better match with the byname).
> [du Bois] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames," p. 143, s.n. Dubois, du Bois, [John du Boys] 1275
Typo: 1279
> "from old French 'du bois'."
This is often a documentary form as well, representing spoken
<atte Wode> and the like, though in this case it's
documentary French. (It's true that <Dubois> survives
as an English surname, but in many cases this is the result of
later introduction of the name from France.) The documented
form <du Boys> is preferable, since every English example
that I can quickly find from about this period uses <y>
rather than ; still, <y> and are in general fairly
interchangeable in this period when not adjacent to minim letters
like <n>, <m>, and , so <du Bois> should be
acceptable.
Ary - I found no conflicts with the name.
Device Commentary
A&M - The blazon needs
a comma after phoenix to make it clear that there is an entire
monster here, not just its head.
THE DEVICE FORMS DO SHOW A COMMA AFTER PHOENIX. NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
29) Melisenda Leonhardt -- New Name
(Falcon's Quarry)
Client will accept all changes but doesn't want "any <-ent> ending."
[Melisenda] -- De Felice, "Dizionario dei nomi italiani," p. 259, cites this as originating from Germany and France in the 10th century.
[Leonhardt] -- Brechenacher, "Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v. 2, p. 174, this is a header from, "Joh. Leonhardi aus Ulm" in 1479.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Melisenda] -- De Felice, "Dizionario dei
nomi italiani," p. 259, cites this as originating from
Germany and France in the 10th century.
It does not. It says that the name is of Germanic origin;
meaning that it is linguistically Germanic, not that it comes
from Germany, and that it is most common in the Frankish naming
tradition. It goes on to say that the name is recorded in
the 10th century as <Milesindis> and <Milesendis> and
then discusses the Germanic etymology, which isn't relevant
here. Indeed, Morlet, Les Noms de Personne sur le
Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siècle, I:169a,
has <Milsenda> 889; <Milesindis> 1037x1064, 1071, and
a probably later date before 1120; <Milesendis> ca.960 and
11th or 12th c.; <Milesenda> 11th or 12th c.;
<Milescendis> ca.1080; <Milisindis> 11th or 12th c.
and 1113; <Millesindis> 1061; and <Milessent> 11th or
12th c. The French took the name to England,
where early examples include <Milisendis> 1179,
<Melisent> 1201, <Milesent> 1208, <Melisentia>
1208, and <Melisant> 1213 (Reaney & Wilson s.n.
<Millicent>; Withycombe s.n. <Millicent>). All
of Morlet's forms except <Milessent> are Latinized; among
the English examples, <Milisendis> and <Melisentia>
are Latinized.
The Italians borrowed the name from the French in a Latinized
form, <Melisenda>, that was more compatible with Italian
naming than the Old French forms <Melisent>,
<Milesent>, <Melisant>, <Milesant>, etc.
I have found no evidence of the name in Germany, however,
especially in the 15th or 16th century when the surname
<Leonhardt> is at all likely.
> [Leonhardt] -- Brechenacher, "Etymologisches
Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," v. 2, p. 174, this
is a header from, "Joh. Leonhardi aus Ulm" in >1479.
The <aus Ulm> is not part of the citation; it merely
indicates that the man was recorded as being from Ulm. The
spelling <-ardt> (instead of <-art> or <-ard>)
is generally relatively late, but there are 15th century
examples; for instance, Brechenmacher s.n. <Reichert> has
<Lor. Reichardt> 1452 at Freiberg in Saxony. Ary's
'German Names from Nürnberg, 1497' at http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html
notes the surnames <Danhardt>, <Deinhardt>,
<Engelhardt>, and <Manhardt>, all of which, like
<Leonhardt>, are patronymic from forenames with the same
second element.
However, a relatively late-period German surname obviously does
not belong with a Latinized Old French forename. I see no
way to justify combining any form of <Melisenda> with
<Leonhardt>; a much better bet is to try to adjust the
byname to match <Melisenda>.
Latinized <Leonardus> is found in France by the 13th
century (Louis Perouas et al., Léonard, Marie, Jean et les
Autres: les Prénoms en Limousin depuis un Millénaire, Éditions
du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, 1984,
Tableau 10). Old French <Melissent>,
<Milesent>, <Milessent> was still in use in Paris in
1292 (Colm Dubh, 'An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census
of Paris',
<http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html>).
Thus, a 13th century <Melisenda filia Leonardi> in a
thoroughly Latinized document is not out of the question. In a
document in which only the forenames are Latinized, we might find
<Melisenda Lienart>: Morlet, Étude d'Anthroponymie
Picarde: Les noms de personne en Haute Picardie aux XIIIe, XIVe,
XVe siècles, Les Presses du Palais Royal, Paris, 1967, p. 423
cites <Felipre Lienart> 1276, <Radulphus dictus
Lienart> 1295, and <Lorens Lienart> 1404, and
<Lienart> is found as a forename in the Paris tax roll of
1292.
My inclination is to send this up as <Melisenda Lienart>
and document it as a documentary form of a 13th century French
name, with the forename Latinized and the byname in the
vernacular; this was a common combination.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL WITH TALAN’S COMMENTS
30) *Mei Li (F) -- Name Resubmission
(Swordcliff)
(Name Xú n Mè i Li was returned by Laurel Aug '04 for ". .
. in the SCA a Chinese name is currently registered in one of its
Romanized forms, rather than with its written Chinese characters,
or with any requirement to identify them. Registering one name
protects all others that would be Romanized the same way, no
matter how truly different and distinct those names would be in
China. Chinese characters and/or their meaning are only relevant
if one is trying to demonstrate that a constructed name is
consistent with period practice. Due to this practice and the
many homophones in the Chinese language, it is possible to
document and register a name that is Romanized as Hsün Mei Li
[Xun Mei Li], but which is spelled differently in Chinese
(uses different Chinese characters) and therefore has a different
meaning.")
Client will *not* accept major changes and prefers Chinese.
[Mei] -- www.zhongwen.com "Mè i - means plum"
"In Search of Your Asian Roots," by Sheau-yueh J. Chao, p. 128, "Mei -- According to "T'ang shu tsai hsiang shih hsi piao," the surname Mei branched from the surname Tzu and its founder was the Earl of Mei. . . . He was a brother of T'aiting (1194-1191, B.C.) and was bestowed with the feudal territory Mei by his brother during the Shang Dynasty."
[Li] -- http://www.zhongwen.com/ "Li - means Tree offspring"
"The Art of War," by Ralph D. Sawyer, p. 83, "The view that Sun-tzu simply vanished of his own volition was commonly held in later centuries, possibly reflecting the famous example of Fan Li, the great Yü eh strategist and commander who eschewing further service despite the impassioned entreaties of King Kou-chien. . ."
(Esct. Note: Photocopies of documentation was included and no dates were given. )
According to the paperwork: (http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Chinese%20name) "Generation name is half of the two-Chinese character given name given to newborns inthe same generation of one surname lineage. . . .Chinese given names are made up of one or two characters. Unlike Western personal names, there is great variety in assigning Chinese given names. Chinese names con consist of any character and contain almost any meaning. Unlike the Western convention, it is extremely frowned upon to name a person after someone else, and cases where people have the same name are almost universally the result of coincidence then then intention."
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL FOR CONSIDERATION
31) Owen Haythorn (M) -- New Name and Device -- Quarterly
per fess indented azure and argent, on a lozenge sable between
two towers in bend argent, a crescent argent.
(Cleftlands)
Client will *not* accept major changes.
[Owen] -- dated to 1200 in Withycombe, "Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," s.n. Owen
[Haythorn] -- dated to 1332 in Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. Eng. Surnames," s.n. Haythorne
REBLAZON: Quarterly per fess indented azure and argent, on a lozenge sable between in bend two towers a crescent argent.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Owen] --
dated to 1200 in Withycombe, "Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian
Names," s.n. Owen
T.J. Morgan & Prys Morgan, Welsh Surnames (Cardiff: Univ. of
Wales Press, 1985), s.n. <Owain> has <Owen fil Anyan>
1283 and <Owen ap Owen> 1352, nicely bracketing the 1332
date on the byname.
Device Commentary
Talan - Quarterly per
fess indented azure and argent, on a lozenge sable between in
bend two towers a crescent argent.
The emblazon is rather modern in style in the way the lozenge
matches up with the indented line; this would not happen if the
coat were drawn properly. This isn't grounds for return,
but it is likely to generate some complaints in CoA commentary.
Knut - Quarterly per
fess indented azure and argent, on a lozenge sable between two
towers a crescent argent
Clear
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
32) Pierre de Montereau -- Device Resubmission -- Vert,
a dolphin naiant to sinister, a chief urdy argent charged with
two roses gules seeded argent and barbed vert, and a base urdy
charged with a rose gules seeded argent and barbed vert
(Windsor, ON)
(Name reg'd Mar 04)
His resubmission "Vert, a dolphin naiant to sinister, a chief urdy argent charged with two roses gules argent and barbed vert, and a base urdy argent charged with a rose gules seeded argent barbed vert was returned Sept '04 by Laurel for "To quote Metron Ariston: ". . . As it is, this makes it impossible for us to determine if the depiction of the urdy is actually urdy or wavy or what and whether the it is feasible to use the alternate proposal of Argent, on a fess urdy between three roses gules, seeded argent, barbed vert, a dolphin naiant to sinister argent." There is no evidence that a corrected miniature emblazon was ever sent out, so this must be returned."
REBLAZON: Argent, on a fess urdy vert between three roses gules seeded argent barbed vert a dolphin naiant contourny argent
(Esct Note: The fee of $8 is included with the submission.)
Device Commentary
Knut - Argent, on a
fess bretessed urdy vert between three roses gules barbed vert
and seeded a dolphin naiant to sinister argent
The fess is a bit wide.
The identical complex lines and balanced tinctures and charges
give a strong visual impression of a fess.
Clear
Talan - This is 'Argent, on a fess urdy vert between three roses gules seeded argent barbed vert a dolphin naiant contourny', drawn with an excessively wide fess; the submitted blazon, for which the 'chief' is in any case a bit on the narrow side, puts a very unheraldic interpretation on the design. I did not notice any conflicts under this interpretation, but I didn't look very thoroughly.
DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
33) Ragnarr Blóðøx -- New Name and Device -- Sable,
a lion's head cabossed Or, on a base argent, a heart sable.
(Rivenstar)
Client will accept all changes.
[Ragnarr] -- "Old Norse Names," Geirr-Bassi p. 14
[Blóðøx] -- "Old Norse Names," Geirr-Bassi p. 20
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Ragnarr] --
"Old Norse Names," Geirr-Bassi p. 14
The name is of Danish origin, but it does occur a few times in
the early Norwegian royal families; in some sources one of the
sons of Harald Fairhair is named <Ragnarr>, though others
give the name as <Ro,gnvaldr>. [E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska
Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden, Uppsala, 1905-1915;
s.n. <Ragnarr>.]
> [Blóðøx] -- "Old Norse Names," Geirr-Bassi p.
20
This byname was borne by king Eiríkr, another son of Harald
Fairhair. The name as a whole is certainly possible, though
it's fairly unlikely outside of the Viking period Norwegian royal
families.
Device Commentary
Knut - The roughly round
shape of the head along with the evenly spaced ears and tufts of
mane that resemble points and rays can give the impression of a
sun. The presence of the facial detailing is irrelavent
because facial details are common in depictions of a sun in
splendor.
Clear
Piotr - Charges big and
bold!
Clear
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
34) Robert atte Northclyf (M) -- New Name
(Cleftlands)
Client will accept all changes.
[Robert] -- Withycombe, "Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," s.n. Robert; [1086 - Robert(us)]
[atte] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," s.n. Nunn, Nunns; 1325 [John atte Nunnes]
[Northclyf] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," s.n. Northcliffe -- 1307 [Henry de Northclyf]
Name Commentary
Talan – In general <de> and <atte> are
not interchangeable; <atte> is a Middle English contraction
of <at þe> 'at the' and is used in topographical locative
bynames indicating residence near some natural or man-made
topographical feature, while <de> is a documentary
preposition normally used in toponymic bynames, i.e., those
deriving from actual place-names.
However, <de> is sometimes used in topographical bynames as
well, and that actually appears to be the case here: as the full
entry in Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Northcliffe> shows, the
same person who appears in 1307 with the byname <de
Northclyf> also appears in 1309 with the byname <del
Northeclif>, where <del> is documentary French for 'of
the, at the' and is therefore precisely equivalent to Middle
English <atte Northeclif> 'at the north cliff'. (The
citation is from Yorkshire, and there actually is a North Cliff
in Yorkshire East Riding. Its name obviously began as a
topographical description, and it's possible that ca.1300 the
designation was still hovering somewhere between topographical
description and genuine toponym.) Thus, the basic idea
behind the byname is fine, and we need only find
a spelling compatible with the forename.
We know that in some form <Robert> has been in use in
England from the Conquest right down to the present. Reaney
& Wilson s.n. <Robert> have <William Robert>
1292; here the forename has been modernized from the original
Latin, but the patronymic byname is documentary and shows that
the spelling <Robert> was in use in the late 13th century.
Thus, it was available at the same time as the 1307
<Northclyf> spelling, and the submitted name is fine,
though the documentation originally supplied isn't sufficient to
show this.
Ary - <atte> is generally used with generic toponyms, and not names of specific places. Unless evidence for <atte> with a city/town name can be found, or evidence for <Northclyf> as a generic toponym, this should be corrected to the documented form.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL
35) Rowena Macara (F) -- New Name and Device -- Or,
on a pile inverted azure, a dragon stantant erect affronty wings
displayed argent, between two towers purpure.
(Rivenvale)
Client will accept all changes and prefers English, no time period given.
REBLAZON: Or, on a pile inverted azure between two towers purpure a dragon statant erect affronty wings displayed argent.
[Rowena] -- Withycombe, 3rd ed., "Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," p. 259, s.n. Rowena; "this name seems to originate with Geoffrey of Monmouth, who gives it to the daughter of Hongist."
(Esct Note: "...as well as those names, apparently not used by human beings in period, that have been declared `SCA-compatible', e.g., Briana, Ceridwen (in several variants), Gwendolen/Guendolen, R(h)onwen, and Rowena. (Talan Gwynek, Cover Letter to the January 1996 LoAR, pp. 3-4)")
[Macara] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 290; s.n. Macara; [John M'ra] 1614 "son of the charioteer"
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Rowena] -- Withycombe, 3rd ed.,
"Oxford Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," p. 259, s.n.
Rowena; "this name seems to originate with Geoffrey of
>Monmouth, who gives it to the daughter of Hongist."
Typo: Hengist
It doesn't matter for this submission, but in fact the two best
editions of Geoffrey of Monmouth's 'Historia Regum Britanniae'
(at least as of 1940), based on the best surviving manuscripts,
give the name as <Ronwen> and <Renwein> (Arthur E.
Hutson, British Personal Names in the Historia Regum Britanniae,
Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley, 1940, p. 57 and footnote 16 to
Ch. IV). How and when this turned into <Rowena> isn't
clear. What is clear is that <Rowena> wasn't actually
used as a name until after Walter Scott popularized it in
_Ivanhoe_, which was published in 1819. If it hadn't been
declared 'SCA-compatible', it would be unregisterable, because it
can't be documented as a period name. Since it has been
declared 'SCA-compatible', however, no (further) documentation is
required. ('SCA-compatible' basically means 'not period, but we
didn't discover this until it had been registered so many times
that disallowing it would probably have caused more trouble than
it was worth'.)
> (Esct Note: "...as well as those names, apparently not
used by human beings in period, that have been declared
`SCA-compatible', e.g., Briana, Ceridwen (in >several
variants), Gwendolen/Guendolen, R(h)onwen, and Rowena. (Talan
Gwynek, Cover Letter to the January 1996 LoAR, pp. 3-4)")
This was actually when the use of two individually permissible
non-period elements (including 'SCA-compatible' names) in a
single name submission was ruled grounds for return. The
most recent reaffirmation that <Rowena> is 'SCA-compatible'
seems to be from 8/99
(<http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/precedents/CompiledNamePrecedents/MythicalAndLiteraryNames.html#Rowena>).
> [Macara] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames," p. 290; s.n. Macara; [John M'ra] 1614 "son
of the charioteer"
Typo: the cited form should read <John M'Ara>. Reaney
& Wilson took the citation from Black, where it can be found
s.n. <Macara>; note that Black's first instance of the form
<Macara> is from 1771. Browsing through the
<Maca-> names in Black suggests that <McAra>,
<Makara>, and <Mackara> would all be rather more
likely than <Macara> at the end of the 16th century.
Device Commentary
Knut - Or, on a pile
inverted azure between two towers purpure a dragon statant erect
affronty guardant wings displayed argent.
Clear
Talan - The blazon is out of order, as it is not the dragon that is between the towers, and the commas shouldn't be there; the correct order is 'Or, on a pile inverted azure between two towers purpure a dragon statant erect affronty wings displayed argent'. However, in period terms this is 'Per chevron or and azure, two towers purpure and a dragon ... argent'; drawing the line of division to accommodate the charges is far more common than charged piles inverted.
NAME AND DEVICE TO LAUREL
36) Sideke Edye (M) -- New Name and Device -- Per
bend argent and ermine, a bend gules and in sinister chief an
acorn vert.
(Alder Ford)
Client will accept all changes and cares for sounds (ie Sid-lk or SED-lk, EE-DEE)
[Sideke] -- Bahlow, "German Names," 2002, s.n. Sddig, p. 466 "Frisian personal names; Sideke"; [Sideke] 1310
[Edye] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," 3rd ed.; p. 151; s.n. Edith, Edey, Edy, Edye; Client wants header spelling. [fulius Edihe] 1188; [filius Edithe] 1210; [Edyth] 1279
Name Commentary
Talan - > Client will
accept all changes and cares for sounds (ie Sid-lk or SED-lk,
EE-DEE)
I'm quite sure that the first two have been misread, and that the
client actually wrote <-ik>, not <-lk>. The
actual pronunciation of <Sideke> is roughly \SIH-d@-k@\,
where \@\ stands for the schwa sound of in <sofa> and
<about>.
> [Sideke] -- Bahlow, "German Names," 2002, s.n.
Sddig,
I don't have this book, but <Sddig> is obviously a typo,
probably for <Siddig>.
> p. 466 "Frisian personal names; Sideke"; [Sideke]
1310
The citation <Sideke> 1310 is also in Bahlow's Deutsches
Namenlexikon s.n. <Siddag>. (This is worth
mentioning, since his Deutsches Namenlexikon is much more widely
available, either in the original German or in the Gentry
translation.)
For what it's worth,
<http://www.xs4all.nl/~toby48/Schimmel.htm> has <Sideke
Harkema>, eldest child of a man born ca.1560 and a woman born
ca.1566; no references are given, but the site has no obvious
problems, and I'm inclined to believe that the citation is
legitimate, or at worst a slightly standardized spelling.
> [Edye] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames," 3rd ed.; p. 151; s.n. Edith, Edey, Edy, Edye;
Client wants header spelling. [fulius Edihe] 1188;
Typo: filius
> [filius Edithe] 1210; [Edyth] 1279
It should be made clear that the 1279 citation is for a byname.
Neither of these citations is of any use in justifying
<Edye>. This surname derives from a pet form of
<Edith>. Early on this pet form generally appears as
<Ede> or <Edde>, or with Latinization as <Eda>
or <Edda>. For instance, Bardsley s.n. <Eddie>
has <Eda> 1254-5, <Ede> 1273, <Edde> 1273, and
<Edda> 1379. My earliest examples of forename forms
generally similar to <Edye>, which are from the same
article, are much later: <Edye> 1545, <Edie> 1602,
<Eedy> 1616, <Edey> 1621, and there's also an
intermediate form <Eede> 1541. These, especially
<Edye> 1545, at least offer some hope that <Edye>
might be a period spelling of the surname as well as of the
forename, and with F.K. & S. Hitching, References to English
Surnames in 1601 (Walton-on-Thames: Chas. A. Bernau, 1910), p.
xxxiv, we hit the jackpot: the surname <Edye> is found in
the register of the parish of St. Columb Minor in Cornwall in
1601. On this evidence we can reasonably conjecture that
<Edye> is a possible English surname throughout the 16th
century, though I shouldn't care to push it back any further than
that without new evidence.
But justifying <Edye> is only one problem. The other
problem, which is much more fundamental, is that the surname is
English, but the forename is Frisian. Such a combination is
extremely implausible, to say the least. However, since the
submitter permits changes and cares most about the sound, we may
be able to accommodate him. There is a North German surname
<Ide>, <Ihde>, pronounced roughly \EE-d@\, of
metronymic origin from a Low German and Frisian feminine name
<Ida>; Bahlow s.n. <Ide> gives the citation <Herm.
filius Ide> 1295. <Sideke Ide> is a reasonable
North German name whose second element sounds almost like English
<Edye> and even shares the property of being metronymic.
NAME CHANGED TO <Sideke Ide>. NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
37) Stefanus O Miadhaigh (M)-- Name Resubmission and
{New Device -- Vert, a lyre Or, on an embattled chief, three
bears' heads contourny gules.}
(Drakelaw)
(Stefanus Wicferth was returned by RS, May 05.)
[Stefanus] -- Searle, "Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum," p. 430, dated to 718 as an abbot's name
[O Miadhaigh] -- MacLysaght, "The Surnames of Ireland," s.n. May p. 211 cites this as a form found in Medieval Westmeath.
(Esct. Note: According to the paperwork, there is no accent on the O. I doubled check with the Pennsic worksheet and it gives the book, page and s.n. but no details were given.)
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Stefanus] -- Searle,
"Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum," p. 430, dated to 718 as
an abbot's name
And utterly beside the point: see below.
> [O Miadhaigh] -- MacLysaght, "The Surnames of
Ireland," s.n. May p. 211 cites this as a form found in
Medieval Westmeath.
Not quite. First, the form given in the article is actually
<Ó Miadhaigh>, with an accent on the <Ó>.
Secondly, MacLysaght doesn't actually say that the exact form
<Ó Miadhaigh> was used in medieval Westmeath; what he
wrote is also compatible with the possibility that <Ó
Miadhaigh> is the standard modern spelling of a name that was
used in medieval Westmeath, but possibly in a different form.
Woulfe s.n. <Ó Miadhaigh> gives ca.1600 Englishings <O
Miey> and <O Mey>, thereby confirming that the name is
period in some form. Better yet, he mentions a member of
the sept who was alive in 1186. With that encouragement I
did a search on <Miadaig>, the more likely of the two
standard early forms of <Miadhaigh> (the other being
<Miadaich>), and immediately got a hit in the CELT (Corpus
of Electronic Texts) archive. Entry 1243.4 in the Annals of
Connacht mention a <Gilla cin Inathar h. Miadaig>; here
<h.> is a standard abbreviation for <hua> or the
like, corresponding to modern <Ó>, and the byname <cin
Inathar> is 'without intestines, without bowels', i.e.,
'gutless'
(<http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100011/index.html>).
Thus, the byname is available in both early (pre-1200) and late
(post-1200) forms, <hua Miadaig> and <Ó Miadhaigh>,
respectively.
This is a textbook example of documentation that makes no sense
when taken as a whole, no matter how good the individual parts
may be: the forename is documented from a source of names found
in pre-Conquest English documents, and the surname is documented
as a medieval Irish name. These are wholly distinct
cultures.
As it happens, <Stefanus> isn't Old English, but rather
Latin. There are certainly period Irish records in Latin,
and one even finds annals entries of the form '<Irish name>
quieuit' ('<Irish name> found rest, i.e., died'). I
have not, however, found any instances of Latin forename and
Irish patronymic or clan name.
Fortunately, the Irish did borrow the name <Stephen> (Ó
Corráin & Maguire s.n. <Stiamna>); it appears in the
Annals of Connacht, annals 1302.8 and 1355.11, in the early
(pre-1200) form <Stiamna> and in the Annals of the Four
Masters, annals M1302.1 and M1355.11, in the later form
<Stiamhna>.
<http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100011/text079.html>:
<http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100011/text132.html>:
<http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005C/text014.html>:
<http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005C/text019.html>:
Since the name's presence in Ireland was primarily due to the
Anglo-Normans, a post-1200 form is probably the better choice, as
well as leaving the byname unchanged, so I recommend making it
<Stiamhna Ó Miadhaigh>.
Device Commentary
Ary - The tincture of the chief was omitted; this is: "Vert, a lyre and on a chief Or, three bear's heads erased contourny gules."
Knut - Vert, a lyre Or, on an
embattled chief, three bears' heads ??? contourny gules
...Therefore, for purposes of recreating period armorial style
for erasing, the erasing should (1) have between three and eight
jags; (2) have jags that are approximately one-sixth to one-third
the total height of the charge being erased; and (3) have jags
that are not straight but rather are wavy or curved. The
predominance of the three-jag erasing is such that it can be
recommended throughout our period and across Europe. For purposes
of recreating period armorial style for couping, the couping
should be a smooth line which is either straight, slightly
convex, a shallow concave, or a recognizable extreme concave. A
straight line or a shallow curve can be recommended throughout
our period and across Europe. Submissions which contain couped or
erased charges that diverge significantly from the guidelines
above risk being returned for unidentifiability or non-period
style unless they are accompanied by documentation... [11/01, CL]
Precedents - François, under COUPED and ERASED
Clear
Redraw
A&M - Device: The chief needs to have more "embattles". Suggested blazon: Vert, a lyre, on a chief embattled Or three bear's heads contourny gules.
Piotr - Are hamsters period? I've tried. They still looks like hamsters
NAME CHANGED TO <Stianhna Ó Miadhaigh> AND FORWARDED TO LAUREL. DEVICE RETURNED FOR REDRAW OF BEAR’S HEAD AND TO FIX THE ENBATTLED CHIEF.
38) Stefanus O Miadhaigh (M) -- Household Name
"House O Miadhaigh" and New Badge -- Per pale gules
and vert, a bear's head erased contuourny Or
(Drakelaw)
[O Miadhaigh] -- MacLysaght, "The Surnames of Ireland," s.n. May p. 211 cites this as a form found in Medieval Westmeath.
(Esct. Note: According to the paperwork, there is no accent on the O. I doubled check with the Pennsic worksheet and it gives the book, page and s.n. but no details were given.
Name Commentary
Talan – > [O
Miadhaigh] -- MacLysaght, "The Surnames of Ireland,"
s.n. May p. 211 cites this as a form found in Medieval Westmeath.
The comments on his byname apply here; <Ó Miadhaigh> is a
perfectly reasonable post-1200 form.
NAME AND BADGE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
39) Susanna Merribourne (F) -- New Name and Device -- Per
bend sinister argent and vert, a thistle proper and a heart
argent.
(Palatine, IL)
Client will *not* accept major changes and wants 'Susanna Merry-bourne.'
[Susanna] -- Withycombe, 3rd ed., "Oxford Dic. of Eng.
Christian Names," p. 273-4; s.n. Susan(nah) dates [Susanna]
CUR 1200, 1201, 1203, 1205, 1213.
"A List of Feminine Names Found in Scottish Records ; Part
III, Post 1400," by Talan Gwynek; (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/scottishfem/scottishfemlate.html)
dates [Susanna] to 1584.
[Merribourne] -- <Merri-> Reaney and Wilson, "A
Dic. of Eng. Surnames," 3rd ed.; p. 307; shows numerous
surnames with the first element <Merr-> including
Merrylees, Merryweather, Merrimouth, Merriman and Merrikin.
"Eng. Place-Names Elements, Vol. II"; Smith; p. 47;
s.n. Myrigh meaning "Pleasant"; shows Merryvale
(Herefordshire) and Merrifield (Cornwall).
<-bourne> "Eng. Place-Names Elements, Vol. I.I"; Smith; p. 63-4; s.n. burna, meaning "stream"; ducments its use as a second name element with a word descriptive of its water."
According to the paperwork: "If Merrifield and Merryvale are documentable as English Place-Names, we feel that Merribourne also should be plausible."
Photocopies of documentation is included.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Merribourne]
-- <Merri-> Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames," 3rd ed.; p. 307; shows numerous surnames with the
first element <Merr-> including >Merrylees,
Merryweather, Merrimouth, Merriman and Merrikin.
There is no element <Merr->; these names variously have
first element <Merri-> and <Merry->. In the
first four of these names it represents Old English <myrig>
(or <myrge>) 'pleasant, sweet, agreeable'; <Merrikin>
doesn't belong here, since it's from a <-kin> pet form of
<Mary> and has nothing to do with OE <myrig>.
Note that the <rr> spellings in the headwords are late; I
didn't notice any amongst the relevant citations. F.K.
& S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601
(Walton-on-Thames: Chas. A. Bernau, 1910), p. l (that's Roman
numeral 50), has only <Mereden>, <Mereley>,
<Merydale>, <Meryvale>, and <Meryvall> for
names with this element. However, Bardsley has a few
<rr> forms from the 16th and early 17th centuries,
including <Merricocke> 1555, <Merryweather> 1617,
<Merrye> temp. Elizabeth I, and <Merry> 1625
(Bardsley s.nn. <Merrycock>, <Merryweather>,
<Merry>).
The most common late-period spelling of the second element seems
to be <-burne>, but Hitching & Hitching do have
<Colbourne> (xxix) and <Blagbournes> (xxiii).
<Merribourne> is certainly a possible 16th century spelling
of the hypothetical name, if not the likeliest.
> "Eng. Place-Names Elements, Vol. II"; Smith; p.
47; s.n. Myrigh
That should be 's.v. <myrig>', with <s.v.> 'under the
word', not <s.n.> 'under the name', and with the correct
spelling of the Old English word.
> meaning "Pleasant";
The full gloss given by Smith is 'pleasant, sweet, agreeable'.
> shows Merryvale (Herefordshire) and Merrifield (Cornwall).
<-bourne> "Eng. Place-Names Elements, Vol. I.I";
Smith; p. 63-4; s.n. burna, meaning "stream"; ducments
its >use as a second name element with a word descriptive of
its water."
The examples of such words are <blæc> 'black,
dark-colored, dark', <cól> 'cool', <héore> 'gentle,
mild, pleasant', <hunig> 'honey', <hwít> 'white',
<scearn> 'dung, muck', and <scír> 'bright,
gleaming'. While most of these refer to appearance,
<héore> is definitely in the same semantic range as
<myrig>.
> According to the paperwork: "If Merrifield and
Merryvale are documentable as English Place-Names, we feel that
Merribourne also should be plausible."
An adjective used to describe open country (Old English
<feld> 'open land', the source not only of <-field>
in <Merrifield> but also of <-vale> in
<Merryvale>), isn't necessarily plausible as a description
of streams and brooks, but in this case, as noted above, there
doesn't seem to be a problem. A hypothetical place-name
from Old English <myrig> 'pleasant' and <burna>
'stream' is indeed plausible, and <Merribourne> is a
possible 16th century surname derived from it. <Susanna
Merribourne> is fine.
Device Commentary
Talan - That's 'a thistle
slipped and leaved proper'. (Actually, a thistle proper can
have either a purple or a red tuft of petals; if the purple
tincture is important to her, this should be blazoned 'a thistle
purpure slipped and leaved vert'.) According to a comment
in the 8/01 LoAR (Isabel du Lac d'Azur, Atenveldt), the flower of
a thistle is much less than half the charge, so its tincture is
not heraldically significant. Thus, this probably conflicts
with Andrée Snow Rose, 'Per bend sinister argent and vert, a
serpent nowed and a heart fracted palewise counterchanged',
registered 10/91 to the holding name <Andrea of Saint
Swithin's Bog>, with just a CD for changing the type of the
charge in dexter chief.
Ary - This conflicts with Andrée Snow Rose (reg. 10/1991 via the East), "Per bend sinister argent and vert, a serpent nowed and a heart fracted palewise counterchanged." There is one CD for changing half the type of primary charge, but there is no difference in tincture between a serpent vert and a thistle proper, and there's no difference in type between a heart and a heart fracted.
Knut - Andrée Snow Rose -
October of 1991 (via the East): Per bend sinister argent and
vert, a serpent nowed and a heart fracted palewise
counterchanged.
Single CD for type of half of the primaries.
Return for conflict.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL. DEVICE RETURNED FOR CONFLICT WITH ANDREE SNOW ROSE.
40) Ta'naka Kiyoko -- New Name
(Falcon's Quarry)
Client will *not* accept major changes.
[Kiyoko] -- listed as a feminine given name. Dated to 1392, p. 378 in "Name Construction in Medieval Japan," by Solveig
[Ta'naka] -- listed as an ancient clan name in Solveig's Name Construction in Medieval Japan," p. 397
(Esct. Note: This threw me into a panic as the given and by names were transposed on the forms. I contacted the client and this is the form she wanted.)
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Kiyoko] --
listed as a feminine given name. Dated to 1392, p. 378 in
"Name Construction in Medieval Japan," by Solveig
Actually, it's dated to the Nanboku period, 1336-1392, not to the
specific year 1392; Solveig's use of 1392, the date at which the
period ended, means 'in the Nanboku period and therefore no later
than 1392'.
> [Ta'naka] -- listed as an ancient clan name in Solveig's
Name Construction in Medieval Japan," p. 397
With the one small change made above, the documentation is fine;
the name also appears to be acceptable.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL
41) Tobias Okenrode -- New Name and {Device --Vert,
on a sun Or, a brown bear passant proper, on a chief embattled
Or, three acorns proper.}
(Cynnabar)
Client will *not* accept major changes.
[Tobias] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 449; dates "Tobias prior 1142-50" male given name
[Okenrode] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 327 s.n. Oakenroyd; [Hugh del Okenrode] 1323.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Tobias] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A
Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 449; dates "Tobias prior
1142-50" male given name
The citation <Tobias> temp. Richard I, i.e., 1189x1199,
from the same article is preferable, since it's a little closer
in time to the byname. The name seems to have been rare
even in the vernacular form <Toby>; I've not found an
English forename citation for <Toby> or <Tobias> from
the 13th or 14th century. Still, the vernacular at least
must have been in use to produce the byname <Toby> 1273,
1326 (Bardsley s.n. <Toby>), though these are late enough
that they needn't be true patronymics, especially the second one.
It wouldn't be surprising for a vernacular forename <Toby>
to appear as a documentary <Tobias>.
> [Okenrode] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng.
Surnames," p. 327 s.n. Oakenroyd; [Hugh del Okenrode] 1323.
Note that the byname documented here is actually <del
Okenrode> 'at the oak-clearing', not <Okenrode>.
At this period topographical names of this type usually have the
preposition and article, but there are exceptions; an example is
<Thomas Elm> 1327 (Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Elm>).
In short, <Tobias Okenrode> is atypical in a couple of
ways, but it appears to be at worst a possible documentary form.
Device Commentary
Ary - That doesn't look like a bear at all; it looks like a dog.
Knut - Vert, on a sun
Or, a brown bear passant proper, on a chief embattled Or, three
acorns proper.
The beast gives a distinct impression of a terrier. The
distinctive ears are difficult to see and the muzzle is too
square.
Clear
Redraw
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL. DEVICE RETURNED FOR REDRAW
42) Tristram Thorne -- New Name and Device -- Azure,
on a chevron throughout between three wolves courant argent, a
thorny vine vert.
(Brackendelve)
Client will *not* accept major changes and prefers 12th Century English.
[Tristram] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 455; [Tristram Cementarius, 1204]
[Thorne] -- Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 444; [Magge de Thornes] 1275.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Thorne] --
Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 444;
[Magge de Thornes] 1275.
Why pick <de Thornes> when Reaney & Wilson offer
<William Thorn> 1206, which is both closer in time and much
closer in form to the submitted byname? In any case, we can
do better with Bardsley: s.n. <Thorn> he has <Hugh
Thorne> 1273, and s.n. <Tristram> he has <Tristram de
Haule> 1273.
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
43) Tristram von Schleswig -- New Name
(Drachenstein)
Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for sound.
[Tristram] -- Bahlow, "Dic. of German Names," s.n. Tristram dates this spelling to 1409, 1412
[von] -- German locative marker 'from'
[Schleswig] -- Bahlow, "Geographische Namenwelt," s.n. Scleswig, undated.
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Tristram] --
Bahlow, "Dic. of German Names," s.n. Tristram dates
this spelling to 1409, 1412
These citations are from a region far from Schleswig in a
completely different dialect area, but R. Zoder, Familiennamen in
Ostfalen, 2 vols., Hildesheim, 1968; vol. 1, p. 60, has a Low
German <Trystram> 1405. (Medieval German dialects are
divided into two families, Low German and High German, and the
differences between the two are considerable. From a
geographic point of view, roughly the northern third of Germany
spoke Low German dialects; the rest spoke dialects of High
German. Schleswig is on the German-Danish border, not just
in the Low German area but about as far from the High German area
as it's possible to get.)
> [von] -- German locative marker 'from'
It's a locative *preposition*, and it's better glossed 'of,
from'.
> [Schleswig] -- Bahlow, "Geographische Namenwelt,"
The correct title is <Deutschlands geographische
Namenwelt>.
> s.n. Scleswig,
Typo: Schleswig
> undated.
The town of Schleswig first appears in record in 804, as
<Sliasthorp>, and later in the 9th and 10th centuries as
<Sliaswich> and <Haithabu>. The <Slias->
names are Saxon and Frankish, while <Haithabu> (later
<Hedeby>) is Scandinavian. The town lies at the head
of the Schlei, a narrow, navigable inlet of the Baltic Sea from
which it takes its name: <Sliaswich> is roughly 'settlement
on the Schlei'.
<http://www.lgs2008.de/Default.asp?MP=1&UM=8>
<http://www.marschundfoerde.de/artikel/schleswig.html>
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haithabu>
<http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haithabu>
<www.uni-kiel.de/international/betreuung/ka/ka05-haithabu.pdf>
Adam of Bremen (2nd half of the 11th century), Gesta
Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, mostly writes
<Sliaswig> (e.g., Book 1, Chapters 27 and 43; Book 2,
Chapters 3, 4, 19, 33, 34, 44, 54, 70, 75; Book 3, Chapters 12,
17), though in Book 1, Chapter 59, he writes
<Sliaswich>. For the Schlei he writes <Slia>
(Scholium 95).
<http://hbar.phys.msu.su/gorm/chrons/bremen.htm>
In High German (and hence in modern standard German) the
combination <Sl-> regularly developed into <Schl->,
but in Low German it remained <Sl-> (e.g., German
<Schlaf> 'sleep' (noun), Low German <slâp>; German
<schlagen> 'to strike, to hit', Low German <slân>
and <slagen>; German <schlingen> 'to tie, to wrap; to
coil oneself about something', Low German <slingen> [OED
s.vv. <sleep>, <slay>, <sling>]).
Similarly, in Low German the name of the city is <Sleswig>,
as may be seen from the Low German Wikipedia article at
<http://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleswig>. The modern
form is found already in a Danish document of 16 September 1410
that is actually written in Low German and mentions <de
hertogynne van Sleswig> 'the duchess of Schleswig'
(<http://dd.dsl.dk/diplomer/10-133.html>). Note also
the use of the Low German form of the preposition, <van>.
Another period form, <Sleszwygk>, is seen in a letter dated
22 April 1471 from the council of the city of Hamburg to the
council of the city of Schleswig
(<http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/3frame.html?/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/js/js103.htm>).
<Tristram van Sleswig> is a reasonable enough Low German
name.
NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL
44) Uadahlrich von Sassmannshausen (M)-- New Name and
Device --Azure, a semi of grenades Or within a bordure argent.
(Fenix)
Client will accept major changes.
[Uadahlrich] -- Odalrichus is a header name in Morlet, "Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siecle", p 176, left column. Several spelling follow, including Ou delrich. Hinadalrichus, Huodelrich and Uadalrichus, Uadahlrich seems a likely variant. (Esct. Note: no volume was listed.)
[von] indicates a German locative byname
[Sassmannshausen] -- the attached web-page indicates, we
believe, that that name Sa {SS}mansugin, is found in 1344. We
believe Sassmannshausen is likely.
See http://www.genealogienetz.de/reg/NRHE-WFA/wittgenstein/sassmannshausen/dorFname~sassmanns.htm
REBLAZON: Azure semy of grenades Or, a bordure argent
Name Commentary
Talan - I presume that <Sassmonnshausen> is a typo for
<Sassmannshausen>; I have no idea whether
<Uadahlrick> here is a typo or whether the typo is
<Uadahlrich> below.
> [Uadahlrich]
Is it <Uadahlrich>, as here, or <Uadahlrick>, as in
the header?
> -- Odalrichus is a header name in Morlet, "Les Noms de
Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe
Siecle", p 176, left column. Several >spelling follow,
including Ou delrich.
Typo: Oudelrich
But in fact there is no such citation; the closest are
<Oudalrih> and <Oudalricus>.
> Hinadalrichus,
This is apparently an error for <Huadalricus>, the only
citation that's particularly close.
> Huodelrich and Uadalrichus,
There is no such citation. Here is a complete list of the
forms actually cited by Morlet: Odalrichus, Odalrich, Odalricus,
Oudalrih, Oudalricus, Oadalrih, Huadalricus, Huodelrich,
Odelricus, Uodelricus, Odilricus, Odolricus, Odolaricus,
Odulrichus, Odulricus, Udalrichus, Udalricus, Udalrigus,
Udelricus, Udulricus, Otolricus, Utelricus, Othilricus,
Uthelricus, Oolricus, Uulricus, Ulricus, Olaricus, Olricus.
> Uadahlrich seems a likely variant.
It is not likely at all: the <dahl> is impossible for at
least two reasons. First, in this period <ah> does
not represent an \ah\ sound, but rather something like \ahkh\,
where \kh\ stands for the sound of <ch> in German
<Bach> and Scottish <loch>. In fact, the
<-rih> of <Oudalrih> and the <-rich> of
<Huodelrich> represent exactly the same sound, roughly
\reekh\.
Secondly, even if <ah> could represent a long \ah\ sound,
as it does in modern German, the syllable <-dahl-> would
have to be stressed, when in fact the second syllable of this
name is *not* stressed: any disyllabic Germanic name element will
be stressed on the first syllable, so in <Odal-> and the
like it's the <O-> that takes the stress. That's why
this element can appear in these citations with a vowel in the
second syllable that is variously spelled , <e>, , and
<o>: all of these, when unstressed, tend to shift to
something close to \@\, where I use <@> to stand for a
schwa, representing the vowel spelled in <about> and
<sofa>. That is, any of these spellings could stand
for the \@\ sound with which the second syllable was often
pronounced. The fact that this syllable was unstressed also
explains why it eventually disappeared in such forms as
<Ulricus> and <Olricus>.
This isn't the place to go into details, but all of the spellings
given above can be explained by known orthographic conventions
and known sound changes in the languages and dialects involved,
both Germanic (Old Saxon, the various West Franconian dialects,
and Alemannic) and Romance (Gallo-Roman and Old French).
The <-dahl-> in <Uadahlrick> and <Uadahlrich>,
whichever was intended, cannot be so explained, and neither can
the final <-ck> of <Uadahlrick>.
The closest I can come to the submitted spelling with a form that
I can justify is <Uadalrich>, a spelling suitable for much
of western Germany in the first half of the 9th
century. This spelling of the first element of the name can
be seen in <Huadalricus> above -- the <H> is silent
– and in <Uadalbraht> 840 (Morlet, op. cit.,
I:175a). After about 900 the <Ua-> is quite unlikely
in Germany (Richard von Kienle, Historische Laut- und Formenlehre
des Deutschen, Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 1960, §23).
The final element can also be spelled <-rih> in a German
context; indeed, at the early date at which <Ua-> is
plausible, <-rih> is probably more common than
<-rich>, though both occur.
Note that the <d> in the first element was lost everywhere
by about 1200; already in the 12th century typical spellings,
depending on dialect, include <Uolrich>, the same with the
<o> placed directly above the , <Ulrich>,
<Olrich>, and the same with a <v> placed directly
above the <O> (and of course the Latinized forms of these
spellings). It's likely that after the 12th century or so,
spellings preserving the <d> were archaic documentary forms
that did not accurately represent the spoken name. Even in
the mid-12th century we already find the same person recorded as
<U[o]dalricus> and <U[o]lricus>, where <U[o]>
stands for a with an <o> directly above it (Socin,
38). If he particularly wants to keep the <d>, he
could probably go about as late as the mid-12th century, but the
closest he could reasonably come to the submitted form is
something like <Uodalrich>.
> (Esct. Note: no volume was listed.)
It's vol. I.
> [von] indicates a German locative byname
> [Sassmannshausen] -- the attached web-page indicates, we
believe, that that name Sa{SS}mansugin,
Typo: sa{sz}manshusin
(And yes, it does appear to be lower-case in the original.)
> is found in 1344.
Yes. Specifically, the citations are:
saßmanshusin 1344
Saszmunthuszen 1423
Sasmanshausen 1492
Saßmanhausen 1538
Sachsmanhusen 1570
Saßmannshausen 1572
Saszmanszhausen 1580
Sasmetshausen end of the 16th c.
Sasmutshausen end of the 16th c.
> We believe Sassmannshausen is likely. See
>
http://www.genealogienetz.de/reg/NRHE-WFA/wittgenstein/sassmannshausen/dorFname~sassmanns.htm
An English version of the same information is available at
<http://www.sassmannshausen.org/village_history/village_history02.htm>.
<Sassmannshausen> is absolutely impossible at any date
early enough for the forename. The element <-hausen>
is from the Middle High German <hûs> 'house',
specifically, the dative plural <hûsen> '(at the) houses',
a common place-name element (Ernst Schwarz, Deutsche
Namenforschung, II: Orts- und Flurnamen, Vandenhoek &
Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1950, p. 158f); here the circumflex is
editorial, indicating a long vowel. In the modern standard
language MHG <û> has become <au> (e.g., <Haus>
'house'), and the old <-husen> is now <-hausen>,
e.g., Bellnhausen, in record in 1308 as <Badelogehusen>
(Schwarz, loc. cit.). The change started in Carinthia, in
the far southeastern corner of the German language area, in the
12th century and spread gradually north and west, but by the end
of the 13th century it had only spread throughout Bavaria, and it
didn't reach the area around Sassmannshausen until the late 15th
century (von Kienle, op. cit., §32). In order to keep the
byname <von Sassmannshausen>, he'd have to change the
forename to <Ulrich>; <Ulrich von Sassmannshausen>
would be a reasonable 16th century name.
I suspect, however, that he'd rather keep something close to the
forename. This constrains us to look for an early form of
the place-name, one significantly older even than the
<saßmanshusin> 1344 citation that is the earliest in
record. This is a bit tricky, since the etymology of the
place-name seems to be unknown. On-line sources mention
four possibilities that have been suggested, of which the only
one that seems at all plausible is derivation from an Old High
German personal name <Sahsomuot>, <Sahsmuot>, or the
like. I believe that such a name existed -- it rings a
bell, and the elements are familiar -- but I can't actually find
an example, even in such possible Latinized versions as
<Saxmodus> (if masculine), <Saxmodis> (if feminine),
etc. Assuming that it did, the Old High German place-name would
have been <Sahsmuoteshusin> or perhaps
<Sahsomuoteshusin> in the Franconian dialect area that's in
question here. (<Husin> is the usual Old High German
predecessor of Middle High German <husen>; further south
the form <husun> is more common. [von Kienle, op. cit.,
§145])
Lacking a real citation of any kind for <Sahsomuot>,
however, I'm not really very happy offering such a place-name,
especially since I'm not sure how long the composition vowel --
the <o> in <Sahso-> -- is likely to have
survived. A safer approach to getting something at least
roughly similar is to start with the name <Sahso>. Morlet
(op. cit., I:194a) has <Sahso> 968, ca.1020 and the
Latinized <Saxo> 9th or 10th c., and Socin (214) has
<Sachso> 11th c. and <Sachso> 806. The Old High
German genitive singular is <Sahsen> or <Sahsin> (von
Kienle, op. cit., §165), so a place-name <Sahsenhusen> or
<Sachsenhusen> is entirely possible. (The first
<h> stands for a \kh\ sound like that at the end of the
forename; depending on time, place, and scribal tradition, this
sound could be spelled <h> or <ch>.)
Now we can put the pieces together. Socin (111) has
<Uodalrich> 1135. On p. 116 he has the more common
version <U[o}dalrich> 1142, where <U[o]> stands for a
with an <o> directly above it, and he has some locative
bynames from the period 1063-1077. These are doubly
significant: first, bynames of any kind are rare at that early
date, so it's reassuring to find examples of the desired type,
and secondly, these are in the vernacular, with <von>
rather than the usual documentary <de>, e.g.,
<O[v]dalrich von Bennunhovin> and <Volcmar von
Harthusin>. (Here <O[v]> stands for an <O>
with a <v> directly above it.) On the basis of these
citations <Uadalrich von Sachsenhusen> or <Uadalrich von
Sachsenhusin> is justifiable as a mid-12th century
name. Given that the submitter will accept major changes,
I'd send this up as <Uadalrich von Sachsenhusen>;
considering that he started with something that's absolutely
impossible, this is remarkably close to the submitted form!
Device Commentary
Knut - Azure semy of
grenades Or, a bordure argent
Raúl de Paz - September of 1996 (via the East): Azure
bezanty, a bordure compony argent and gules.
CD tincture, possible CD type of primary. There are no
explicit precedents on grenades vs. roundels that I can
find. The flames appear to be co-primary.
Pass this up.
Ary - "Semy" is an adjective, not a noun. This is "Azure semy of grenades Or, a bordure argent." I found no conflicts with the arms.
NAME CHANGED TO <Uadalrich von Sachsenhusen>. NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
45) Ulfheiðr Vigdísdottir (F)-- New Name and Device
-- Per pale sable and argent, a wolf's head cabossed
counterchanged maintaining a rose gules stemmed and leaved vert.
(Red Spears)
Client will accept all changes and cares for meaning "bright wolf."
According to the paperwork: "Both names are found in Geirr-Bassi's "Old Norse Names":
[Ulfheiðr ] -- p. 15
[Vigdísdottir} -- p. 16
According to the paperwork: "The submitter wants to ensure she gets a given name meaning 'bright wolf' as close as possible to the name submitted."
Name Commentary
Talan - > [Ulfheiðr ] -- p. 15
Geirr actually has <Úlfheiðr>. Either can be
correct: the first vowel was originally short and was lengthened
to <ú> only around the end of the 12th century. [Siegfried
Gutenbrunner, Historische Laut- und Formenlehre des
Altisländischen (Heidelberg: Carl Winter Unitätsverlag, 1951);
§47.3.]
> [Vigdísdottir} -- p. 16
Page 16 is the source of <Vigdís>, not of
<Vigdísdottir>, with which there are several
problems. First, the underlying name is actually
<Vígdís>. Secondly, the genitive (possessive) of
<Vígdís> is <Vígdísar>. The name is found
in Iceland from about 900. [Kristoffer Kruken, ed., Norsk
personnamnleksikon, 2nd edn. (Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget, 1995),
s.n. <Vigdis>; E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock
Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden, Uppsala, 1905-1915, s.n.
<Vígdís>.] Finally, the 'daughter' word
is<dóttir>, so the grammatically correct form of this
metronymic is <Vígdísar dóttir> (or, less consistent
with early Old Norse practice, <Vígdísardóttir>).
(Note that the <-ar> genitive of <Vígdís> can be
inferred from the information on p. 18 of Geirr.)
Metronymics were rare, but some are known.
<Ulfheiðr Vígdísar dóttir> is a reasonable Viking age
Icelandic feminine name.
> According to the paperwork: "The submitter wants to
ensure she gets a given name meaning 'bright wolf' as close as
possible to the name submitted."
At some point in the prehistoric period Germanic names were used
and understood as meaningful compounds, but by the historical
period, Old Norse names were simply names. Many of them
were composed of elements etymologically identical to ordinary
words, and the Scandinavians were certainly capable of noticing
this, just as we notice that the names <Heather> and
<Wolf> are identical to ordinary words, but so far as we
can tell, names were treated more like conventional labels, as we
generally treat them today, than as meaningful words. Thus,
we can take the masculine name <Geirsteinn>, for instance,
and say that its elements, <Geir-> and <-steinn>, are
etymologically identical to the common nouns <geirr> 'a
spear' and <steinn> 'a stone', and we can abbreviate this
by saying that <Geirsteinn> is etymologically
'spear-stone', but it isn't really correct to say that
<Geirsteinn> means 'spear-stone' in the way that the common
noun <steinn> means 'a stone'. Similarly, while it
makes perfectly good sense to ask whether there is an Old Norse
name whose elements are etymologically 'bright' and 'wolf', in
the historical period it's really stretching to say that a name
actually means 'bright wolf' (though many popular name books make
just such statements). That said, we can reasonably ask
whether <Ulfheiðr> is etymologically 'bright-wolf', and if
not, whether some other name is.
The short answer to the first question is that <Ulfheiðr>
is not etymologically 'bright-wolf', or even 'wolf-bright', but
most probably something like 'wolf-beauty'; anyone not interested
in the rather technical details should skip the indented
paragraphs that follow.
The elements of <Ulfheiðr> are <Ulf-> and
<-heiðr>. <Ulf-> is easy: it's etymologically
identical to <ulfr> (or <úlfr> after about 1200) 'a
wolf'. The second element is a bit harder to pin down, as
there are three Old Norse words that are obvious candidates to be
etymological relatives. Two are nouns, <heiðr>
'honor' and <heiðr> 'a heath, a moor', and one is an
adjective, <heiðr> 'bright, clear, cloudless'.
A connection with <heiðr> 'a heath, a moor' is
unlikely: this simply isn't in the right semantic domain for a
Germanic name theme. The other two are much likelier
candidates semantically, and in fact it turns out that they
are related to each other and to the name element
<-heiðr>. [Kruken, op. cit., s.n. <Heid>.] At
this point, however, things get a bit complicated.
The words <heiðr> 'honor' and <heiðr> 'bright,
clear, cloudless' and the name theme <-heiðr> all trace
back to a Proto-Germanic *<haiduz>, which in turn derives
from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'bright, shining'.
Old English <hád> 'person; degree, rank; condition, state,
nature, form, manner; sex; race, family, tribe' and Old High
German <heit> 'person, personality; sex; condition,
quality, rank' also derive from *<haiduz>. From the
meanings of its descendants we can infer that the basic
sense of *<haiduz> was something like 'manner, quality', a
figurative extension of an even older sense 'bright appearance'
(e.g., from 'bright appearance' to 'positive quality or manner'
to 'manner, quality, rank, etc.'). [OED, 1989 edn., s.v. <had,
hade, hod>. Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage
Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd edn. (Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 2000); s.r. *(s)kai-.] The original sense of the name
element could in principle have been just about anywhere in this
semantic region, but it's likely that it was 'splendor, physical
beauty' (Kruken, loc. cit.). Thus, to the limited extent
that we can talk about the 'meaning' of the name,
<Ulfheiðr> is most probably something like 'wolf-beauty'.
There is an Old Norse name element, <Bjart-> and
<-bjartr>, that is etymologically 'bright', but it's quite
rare: Lind mentions only half a dozen names containing it.
Two of these are certainly borrowings from Continental Germanic,
<Landbjartr> from <Landber(h)t> (the source of
<Lambert>), and <Hróðbjartr> from
<Hrodber(h)t> (the source of <Robert>); in both cases
the bearers of the name are mostly foreigners. Icelandic
<Guðbjartr>, which first appears in the late 14th century,
is probably a borrowing of Continental Germanic
<Godber(h)t>. <Sólbjartr> is a native
construction, but it appears only as an invented, fictional name
in the Edda. (The fictional nature is very clear:
<Sólbjartr>, literally 'sun-bright', is given as the name
of the father of <Svipdagr>, literally
'appearance/look-day'.) The simplex name <Bjartr> is
native, but it first appears around 1400. The only native
creation that appears in the Viking period is <Bjartmarr>;
according to Landnámabók this was the name of a jarl in Ireland
and his Icelandic grandson around the time of the Settlement of
Iceland. Other examples of the name are all
fictional. Note too that any Old Norse name in
<-bjartr> will automatically be masculine. [Lind, op. cit.,
s.nn. <Biartmarr>, <Biartr>, <Guðbiartr>,
<Hróðbiartr>, <Landbiartr>, <Sólbiartr>.]
In principle one could construct a hypothetical Old Norse name
<Bjartulfr> (later <Bjartúlfr> or
<Bjartólfr>); <-ulfr> (<-úlfr>,
<-ólfr>) was a very common second element, and the
Continental Germanic cognate <Berhtulf> is attested
(Morlet, I:56a, e.g., Latinized <Berhtulfus>). As
we've seen, however, support for Old Norse names in
<Bjart-> is very minimal, and in any case all Old Norse
names in <-ulfr> (<-úlfr>, <-ólfr>) are
masculine. In short, a feminine Old Norse name that is
etymologically 'bright-wolf' is impossible, and a masculine one
is very unlikely. <Ulfheiðr> probably comes as close as
she's going to get.
Device Commentary
Knut - Per pale sable
and argent, a wolf's head cabossed counterchanged maintaining a
rose gules slipped and leaved vert
Clear
NAME CHANGED TO <Ulfheiðr Vígdísar dóttir>. NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
46) Vashti bint Da'ud (F) -- New Name and Device -- Argent,
a horse's head couped countourny sable within a bordure engrailed
sable, a semy of lyres argent.
(Drakelaw)
Client will *not* accept any changes and prefers "Vashti" as a given name.
[Vashti] -- Bible, book of Esther
[bint Da'ud] -- Da'ud's Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices.
(Esct. Note: There was a copy error when the herald transferred the documentation. According to the Pennic worksheet: "[bint] -- Da'ud's Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices." Sorry, that's all that was given.)
REBLAZON: Argent, a horse's head couped countourny sable within a bordure engrailed sable semy of lyres argent
Name Commentary
Talan - > Client will *not* accept any changes and
prefers "Vashti" as a given name.
I can find no evidence that <Vashti> was used in Arabic;
indeed, Arabic doesn't even have a /v/ phoneme. It has /f/
and /w/, but no /v/. The fact that <Vashti> appears
in the King James Version is not evidence that it was used as a
name in the SCA period, let alone as an Arabic name.
Device Commentary
Ary - Reblazon: "Argent,
a horse's head couped contourny sable within a bordure engrailed
sable semy of lyres argent." "Semy" is
an adjective, not a noun.
Knut - Argent, a
horse's head couped countourny sable within a bordure engrailed
sable semy of lyres argent
Clear
NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
47) Vincenzo di Bartolomeo da Brescia -- New Device - Azure,
three quavers argent.
(Cincinnati, OH)
(Name reg'd Jul 04)
Device Commentary
Piotr - looks a bit like an aboriginal mask from afar. Send further..
A&M - We are unsure if
this is clear of the device of Saundra of Loch Raeburn,
registered in October of 2000 (via Ansteorra): Per pall
argent, sable, and azure, a lyre sable and two quavers argent.
There is 1 CD for field. Since the charges in both devices
are in their default positions on the field, we are unclear if
changing the type and tincture of only 1/3 of the charges is
sufficient. The lyre in Saundra's device is on one side of
a field division, but there is no corresponding field division in
Vincenzo's device.
QUAVERS IS SPELLED CORRECTLY ON THE FORMS. DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL
48) William of the Wod -- New Name and Device -- Quarterly
wavy Or and vert, in saltire two bows bendwise and two stags
heads affronty erased all counterchanged.
(Westmere)
Client will *not* accept major changes and prefers English, no time period given.
[William] -- masculine English given name, Bardsley, "A
Dic. of Eng. Welsh Surnames," p. 815; s.n. Willoughby; dates
"William de Wilughby" to 20 Edw. I (circa 1290)
Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 493;
s.n. Williams dates "Richard William" to 1279
[of the Wod] -- English locative byname; Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 499; s.n. Wood dates [Alexander of the Wode] to 1285 and [William le Wod] to 1221.
REBLAZON: Quarterly wavy Or and vert, two bows bendwise
vert and two stags heads erased affronty Or
According to the paperwork: "Submitter wanted the form "of the woods" but we could not document it at the Pennsic consult table. If documentation is found, please change byname to "of the woods."
Name Commentary
Talan - > [William] --
masculine English given name, Bardsley, "A Dic. of Eng.
Welsh Surnames," p. 815; s.n. Willoughby; dates
"William de Wilughby" to 20 Edw. I >(circa 1290)
20 Edw. I runs from 20 November 1291 through 19 November 1292, so
you might as well call it 1292.
> Reaney and Wilson, "A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p.
493; s.n. Williams dates "Richard William" to 1279
> [of the Wod] -- English locative byname; Reaney and Wilson,
"A Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 499; s.n. Wood dates
[Alexander of the Wode] to 1285 and [William le >Wod] to 1221.
The citation <William le Wod> is irrelevant: <Wod>
here is from Old English <wód> 'frenzied, wild', not from
OE <wudu> 'a wood'. A relevant citation for the
spelling <Wod> is the byname <dilwod> 1327. The
spelling <wode> is *much* more common than <wod>, but
the latter should certainly be registerable.
> According to the paperwork: "Submitter wanted the form
"of the woods" but we could not document it at the
Pennsicconsult table. If documentation is found, please
>change byname to "of the woods."
It's extremely unlikely: both the <-s> in <woods> and
the <oo> spelling are too late for a prepositional
construction like <of the>.
Device Commentary
Ary - Typo in the blazon: "stag's heads".
This would have conflict with <William Atwode> (reg.
02/1997 via the East), but that was released 01/2004 via the
East.
I saw no other problems.
Knut - Quarterly wavy Or and vert, two bows
bendwise vert and two stags heads erased affronty Or
Clear
NAME AND DEVICE TO LAUREL
At your service,
Phebe Bonadeci
Rouge Scarpe