This is November 2005 Middle Kingdom Letter of Acceptances and Returns for Escutcheon’s September 2005 Letter of Intent.

Unless otherwise noted, all clients will accept changes. Comments in braces {} were removed from the Letter of Intent sent to Laurel and the College of Arms, devices, or badges in braces have been returned or pended. Commentary, rulings, etc. by Rouge Scarpe are placed in CAP PRINT. Thanks to Cnute, Piotr, Mikhail and AElfreda (A&M), Talan, and John ap Wynne for this month’s commentary.

1) Áedan Ó Miadhaigh -- New Name
(Drakelaw)

Client will *not* accept major changes and cares most for sound of aden.

[Áedán] -- O'Corrain and Maguire, "Irish Names," s.n. Áedán, a missionary sent to Christianize North England (send by Iona) who later founded the Lindisfarne monastery.

[O' Miadhaigh] -- MacLysaght, "The Surnames of Ireland," s.n. May - found in medieval Westmeath.

Woulfe, "Irish Names and Surnames," s.n. Ó Miadhaigh, "an old Westmeath surname" O Miey and O Mey are given as c.1600.

Name Commentary

Talan - parts of the name are mismatched: <Áedán> is a pre-1200 spelling, while <Ó Miadhaigh> is a post-1200 spelling, from a very different orthographic system.  The correct forms are <Áedán úa Miadaig> (pre-1200) and <Aodhán Ó Miadhaigh> (post-1200).  The former *might* not count as a major change.  (The post-1200 form <Aodhán> can be found at OCM s.n. <Áedán>; the pre-1200 form <Miadach>, of which <Miadaig> is the regularly formed genitive, is a headword in OCM; and <úa> is the older form of <Ó>; it is also written <ua>, <hua>, and often simply <.h.>.)

NAME FOWARDED TO LAURE WITH TALAN’S COMMENTS.

2) Áindle O'Diarmada (M) --New Name and Device --Per bend nebuly azure and argent, in chief a duck displayed Or, in base a fleur-de-lys vert.
(Weold Lake)

Client will *not* accept major changes.

REBLAZON: Per bend nebuly azure and argent, a duck displayed Or and a fleur-de-lys vert.

[Áindle] -- O'Corrain and Maguire, s.n. Áindle -- p. 19, "one of the three sons of Uisnech, who together with his brothers eloped with Deirdre. The name was also borne by a scholarly monk in Terryglass."

[O'Diarmada] -- Woulfe, "Irish Names and Surnames," s.n. Mac Diarmada -- descendant of Diarmaid (name dated to 1159)

Name Commentary

Talan - <Áindle> is an early (pre-1200) form, and <Ó Diarmada> is a later (post-1200) form.  The correctly matched versions are <Áindle hua Diarmata> (pre-1200) and <Áinle Ó Diarmada> (post-1200).  (The post-1200 form <Áinle> can be found at OCM s.n. <Áindle>; the pre-1200 form <Diarmait>, of which <Diarmata> is the regularly formed genitive, is a headword in OCM; and <úa> is the older form of <Ó>; it is also written <ua>, <hua>, and often simply <.h.>.)

Device Commentary

Cnut - There is a weirdness for any bird other than an eagle in the displayed posture.

NAME (WITH TALAN’S COMMENTS) AND DEVISE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

3) Alexander Leonhardt (M) -- New Name
(Falcon's Quarry)

Client will accept all changes and cares for sound, also for authentic German, time period not given.

[Alexander] -- Bahlow, p. 9-10, s.n. Alexander c. 1130 (Esct. Note: This is how it appeared on the form and I don't have Bahlow in my library to add more.)

[Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, v.2, "Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," p. 174. This is the header for "Joh, Leonhardi aushuim" in 1479

Name Commentary

Talan - Bahlow notes that several medieval German poets wrote about the Alexander the Great and mentions in particular the 'Alexander-Lied' ('Alexander Song') of a poet named Lamprecht, which was written ca. 1130; this of course says nothing about whether the forename was then in current use in Germany.

<http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/bahlowMasc.html>, main page <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/>, has <Alexander> 1372, 1378 in a German context. http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/german1495.html has it from 1495, and http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html has the variant <Allexander> 1497.

> [Leonhardt] -- Brechenmacher, v.2, "Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen," p. 174. This is the header for "Joh, Leonhardi aushuim" in 1479

No, the passage in question reads 'Joh. Leonhardi aus Ulm'; in other words, the recorded name is <Joh. Leonhardi>, and either the name was recorded at Ulm, or it was recorded elsewhere, but the man is known to have been from Ulm; the former is more likely.  Note that this documents the Latinized <Leonhardi>, not <Leonhardt>.

Ary's 'German Names from 1495' at http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/german1495.html has several variants of the as a forename.  In this region the vowel of the first syllable has usually been monophthongized to or <e>, and <Linhart> and <Lenhart> are by far the most common spellings, but <Leonhart> and <Lennhardt> occur once each.  <Alexander Leonhardt> is a possible late-period German name.

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL

4) Alf of the High Mountain (M)-- Alternate Name "Sebastian Hawke" and Device -- Barry wavy azure and argent, a caravel proper and on a chief argent, a cannon to sinister and a cannon sable
(Steren Codha)
(His primary name is Alf of the High Mountain reg'd May '98 and he doesn't want it released.)

Client will *not* accept major changes but cares for 16th c. English. He wants the device to be registered to Sebastian Hawke.

[Sebastian] -- Withycombe, "Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," p. 264, s.n. Sebastian, "Latin Sebastianus . . . used in Cornwall at least since 16th century."
"Mas. Given Names in Chesham, 1538-1600/1," by Mari E. nic Bryan (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/chesham/chesham-masculine.html) [Sebastian 1591]

[Hawke] -- Reaney and Wilson, "Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 221 s.n. Hawk, Hawke . . .
"16th C. Gloucestershire Names," by Aryanhwy merch Catmael, (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/english/late16.html) [Hawkes] found three times.

Name Commentary

Talan - Bardsley s.n. <Hawk> has <John Hawke>, buried 1577, and <Edmund Hawke>, married in 1601/2.  <Sebastian Hawke> is a fine 16th century English name.

Device Commentary

Talan - Technically this is 'Azure, three bars wavy argent' in SCA blazon (or 'Barry wavy of seven azure and argent' in terms of the actual design).  Note that this affects the conflict-checking.  If he really wants a barry wavy field, he should redraw it with eight traits.  The full blazon is currently 'Azure, three bars wavy argent, overall a caravel
proper and on a chief argent a cannon reversed and a cannon sable'.

Piotr - The presence of the spar in this case wiha reefed topsail above the mainsail on the main mast is questionable and should be documented.

Cnut - The complex charge and field along with the partial lack of contrast of the sails hurt the identifiability.

A&M - Although the argent sails are primarily on the azure portion of the field, their identifiability is greatly reduced by the fact that the field is half argent.

NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL. CLIENT WILL BE ADVISED OF POSSIBLE IDENTIFIABILITY OF THE SAIL.

5) Algar the Iron Hand of Lincoln -- New Device -- Argent, a bat displayed sable maintaining a sword fesswise in its rear claws, within a bordure embattled azure
(Akron, OH)
(Name submitted in Jul '05 ILOI)

NAME WAS FORWADED TO LAUREL ON THE SEPTEMBER 2005 XLoI AS <Algar Irehande>

REBLAZON: Argent, a bat sable sustaining in its rear claws a sword fesswise reversed within a bordure embattled azure.

Device Commentary

Cnut - Argent, a bat sustaining in its rear claws a sword fesswise reversed sable within a bordure embattled azure

DEVISE FOWARDED TO LAUREL

6) Ambrosius filius Merlinus (M)-- New Name
(Cleftlands)

Client will accept all changes and cares for meaning: Ambrosius, son of Merlin(us)

[Ambrosius] -- Withycombe, "Dic of Eng. Christian Names," s.n. Ambrose, dates Ambrosius to 1087 1189-1213

[filius Merlinus] -- Reaney and Wilson, "Dic of Eng. Surnames," s.n. Merlin, lists Ralph filius Merlin in 1202.

(Esct. Note: Special thanks to Elspeth Anne Roth for taking this submission.)

Name Commentary

Talan - The grammar is wrong.  The father's name has to be in the genitive case: it's 'son of Merlin, Merlin's son', not 'son Merlin'.  The genitive case of <Merlinus> is <Merlini> (as in the well-known medieval 'Vita Merlini' (Life of Merlin)).

The name should therefore be <Ambrosius filius Merlini>.

Some commenters will doubtless note (or complain) that the name positively reeks of Arthurian associations, but it's a fine scribal form for England around 1200 none the less.

NAME CHANGED TO <Ambrosius filius Merlini> AND FORWARDED TO LAUREL

7) Ana ingen Chonchobair -- Device Resubmission-- Per chevron argent and vert, a greyhound sable courant and an owl argent.
(Rock Falls, IL)
(Name reg'd May '02)

The device was returned by RS Jan '02 ILOAR for a redraw.

Device Commentary

A&M - The owl is has been redrawn from the previous submission, but may still be in too much of a trian aspect.

Cnnt - The owl has a distinct trian depiction.

Piotr - Owl tends towards trian

Talan – The greyhound is 'courant sable', not 'sable courant'.

DEVICE RETURNED FOR REDRAW AS OWL IS STILL IN A TRIAN DEPICITION.

8) Ana Linch of Killeen (F)-- Name Change from "Ione Linch"
(Talonval)
(Ione Linch reg'd Apr '97)

Client will *not* accept major changes. Client wishes to have "Ione Linch" to be released and her device to be registered to her new name.

[Ana] -- O'Corrain and Maguire, "Irish Names," p. 22 s.n. Ana: " 'St. Ana' whose feast-day is 18 June."

[Linch] already reg'd but can be found in Reaney and Wilson, "Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 279, s.n. Linch [Geoffrey Linch] 1228

[of Killeen] -- "A Dic. of Irish Place Names," by A. Room, s.n. Killeen, "An Cillín - the little church."

(Esct. Note: The third element is to take the name out of conflict with "Anno Lynke," #10 in this ILOI.)

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Ana] -- O'Corrain and Maguire, "Irish Names," p. 22 s.n. Ana: The actual headword is <Anu>.

>  " 'St. Ana' whose feast-day is 18 June."

There is no evidence that this goddess name was used by human beings after the legendary period.  For that matter, I can find no reason to think that this saint isn't strictly legendary. This name should probably not be registerable at all.

The so-called Age of Saints, when most of these legendary early Irish saints are supposed to have lived, is roughly the 6th century.

Note that <linch> is a Middle English development of Old English <hlinc> 'rising ground, a ridge', which puts it more than 500 years later than the Irish Age of Saints.  An
English <Anna Linch> would be fine; the submitted combination is thoroughly unhistorical.

There is an Irish surname <Ó Loingsigh> that occurs ca.1600 in the Anglicized forms <O Lynchy> and <O Lynche>, among others (Woulfe s.n. <Ó Loingsigh>).  <Ana> is exceedingly questionable in the first place, and in an English context ca.1600 it would in any case doubtless appear as <Anna>, the familiar Latinization of <Anne>.  The result would be something like <Anna ny Lynche> on the basis of <Evelin ne Morishe> and <Marie ny Dowda> 1603-4, from C. L'Estrange Ewen, A History of Surnames of the British Isles (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, 1931; Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1968), pp. 210-211; this is presumably too big a change.

NAME RETURNED

9) Anne Gyldensleve -- Device Resubmission -- Per fess sable and azure, on a fess argent a heart gules and in base an arm vested Or.
(Fort Wayne, IN)
(Name reg'd May '02)

Quarterly sable and azure, a gloved arm embowed fesswise Or, vested argent, maintaining a falcon closed Or was returned by Laurel May '02 for "Conflict with Piedro Vega y Garcia de Barcelona, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter as Sable, an infant's arm couped at the shoulder fesswise embowed Or maintaining an apple proper. There is one CD for changing the field. There is no difference for changing the tincture of the arm from all Or to mostly Or. There is no difference for changing the small maintained charges; both the falcon in this submission and the apple in Piedro's are maintained changes."

DEVISE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

10) *Anno Lynke (M)-- Holding Name Change from "Erich of Tirnewydd "
(Tirnewydd)

(Erich of Tirnewydd was given a holding name so his device "Gules masoned, on a pale bretessed argent a sledgehammer sable" could be reg'd Jan 01.)

The client will *not* accept major changes. He cares for meaning and German name, time period not given.

According to the paperwork:

[Anno] -- after the Archbishop Anno of Cologne (Floruit 1062). Also a Grandmaster of Teutonic Order "Anno von Sangershausen" (1256-1272) Source: "Museum of the Teutonic Order, Bad Mergentheim, Germany) Guidesheet (copies enclosed). (http://www.brittanica.com/seo/h/honorius-ii-1/) s.v. "Honorius (II)"

[Lynke] -- Bahlow, "Deutsches Namenlexikon" s.n. Linke "Francze Lynke (Lynkehand) 1397

Name Commentary

Talan - German culture in 1600 is very different from German culture in 1300, and both are very different from German culture in 1000, even ignoring the very considerable geographical variation.  The forms should not permit a submittor to specify a culture without also specifying an approximate time period.

In this case the two elements of the name come from distinctly different periods of the German language: <Anno> is Old High German (OHG), and <Lynke> is Middle High German (MHG); the corresponding OHG form of the byname is <Linko>, but the explanation is necessarily a little technical.

In all periods of the German language the nouns have been divided into different classes according to their inflectional patterns.  OHG masculine nouns ending in <-o>,
like <hano> 'a cock', belong to what is called the n-declension. [Wilhelm Schmidt et al., Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache (Berlin: Volk und Wissen Volkseigener
Verlag, 1969), §2.3.2, especially §2.3.2.1.1]

It doesn't matter here, but in case anyone's curious, the <n> that gives the class its name had already disappeared from the nominative case before OHG times.  However, it can still be seen in the genitive (possessive) case, which is formed by replacing the <-o> with <-en> or <-in>,  depending on dialect, e.g., <hanen> or <hanin> from <hano>.

As OHG developed into MHG, the final <-o> of n-declension masculine nouns weakened to <-e>, <hano>, for instance, becoming <hane>; this change was nearly universal by the 11th century. [Richard von Kienle, Historische Laut- und Formenlehre des Deutschen (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1969), §64]  Masculine names in <-o> like <Otto> and <Hesso> were treated as nouns of the n-declension and followed the same historical course, so that OHG <Otto> became MHG <Otte>, <Hesso> became MHG <Hesse>, and so on. [Socin, p. 48]  Brechenmacher s.n. <Anno> has the OHG <Anno> 1169.

In all periods German adjectives have had two different declensional patterns depending on how they were used; in OHG the so-called weak declension used the same endings as the n-declension nouns, so that in the masculine nominative singular they ended in <-o>.  The same was true in MHG, but the corresponding ending was <-e>. [Schmidt et al., §§2.3.3.2, 3.3.3.1]  (The weak declension was much more common in bynames and is also what's seen in <Lynke>, so we needn't consider the strong declension here. [Socin, p. 453] The OHG form of the byname can be seen in <Goteboldus Linko> 1169; the meaning is confirmed by the fact that he also appears as <Goteboldus Sinister>. [Brechenmacher s.n. <Link>]  (The MHG form is seen in <Volkardus Linke> 1269 from the same source.)  Clearly <Anno Linko> is a fine OHG name such as might be found even as late as the mid-12th century.

The MHG situation is a bit more complicated, and I'll discuss it below in connection with the documentation offered by the submitter.

They spoke and wrote an East Middle German dialect that wasn't affected by the change until later, and in the far north they also wrote in MLG, which was never affected by the change. [Ibid., §2.40]  Thus, in the Grandmaster's own time and place the last element of the place-name would have been written <-husen>, not <-hausen>.  A document from the Datenbank Kurländische Güterurkunden of the Herder-Institut (<http://herder-institut.de/index.php?lang=de&id=3039>) has an example dated 10 October 1288:

  Frater Chono magister fratrum domus Theutonicorum per  Liuoniam universis presentium inspectoribus et auditoribus  salutem in Domino.  Noveritis nos Alberto dicto de  Helmwardeshusen [...]http://herder-institut.de/index.php?id=3039&lang=de&suchstring1=Bauer043#jump .

In this document the Ordensmeister Chono of the Teutonic Knights of Livonia enfeoffs Albertus, called 'of Helmwardeshusen', in certain properties.  Although the document is in Latin, the place-name <Helmwardeshusen> is given in the vernacular.

Similar spellings are still found in the 15th century.  From 18 October 1470:  Wy broder Johan Walthusen von Hersze, meister to Lyfflandt Dutsches ordens, [...]

The author here is the Ordensmeister Johan Walthusen von Hersze of the Teutonic Knights of Livonia.
 
http://herder-institut.de/index.php?id=3039&lang=de&suchstring1=Bauer263#jump :

Since the form <Sangershausen> is not contemporary, we cannot assume that <Anno> is the contemporary form of the forename, either.  In fact I was able to find evidence for the expected <Anne>.  In a document dated 25 April 1256, Bishop Heinrich von Kurland gave the Teutonic Knights permission to erect a mill on the Dange.  The original is in Latin and exists in a 14th century copy.  It reads in part:  Datum in Gholdingh(en) presentibus fratre Annone magistro  eorundem in Lyuonia et Curonia, ...

  Given in Goldingen in the presence of brother Anno, master  of the same [i.e., the Teutonic Knights] in Livonia and  Curonia, ...

Here <Annone> is the regular Latin genitive of Latin <Anno>, and the man in question is Anno von Sangershausen.  About 1340 the same document was translated into the vernacular, and the corresponding witnessing clause reads:  Gegeven to Goldingen, dar gegenwortich weren bruder Anne,  der meister derselver broder to Liflande unde to Curlande,  ...

  Given at Goldingen, there present were brother Anne, the  master of the same brothers in Lifland and in Curland, ...

http://herder-institut.de/index.php?id=3039&lang=de&suchstring1=Bauer028#jump :

In short, <Anne Linke> and <Anne Lynke> are fine MHG forms of the name.  I expect, however, that the submitter would consider the change from <Anno> to <Anne> major, even if it does involve only a rather small change in pronunciation and appearance!

Further complicating matters is the fact that OHG forms like <Otto>, <Bruno>, and <Anno> continue to appear in documents well after common n-declension nouns and weakly declined adjectives show final <-e>.  For instance, Brechenmacher s.n. <Anno> has <Ruod. de Wattwil dictus Anno> 1245, and Socin (pp. 6, 8, 30) has <Bruno> 1299, <Chu[o]no> 1300 (where the letter in square brackets appears immediately above the preceding letter), and <Otto> 1296 instead of <Brune>, <Chu[o]ne>, and <Otte>, though these do appear in his data by 1290, 1274, and 1274, respectively.  The explanation is that until about 1300 the majority of official documents were written in Latin, and the Latin forms of these OHG names are identical with the OHG forms. [John T. Waterman, A History of the German Language, rev. edn. (Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1966), p. 111f; Socin, p. 48]  Indeed, it is almost certainly to this widespread Latinization that we owe the preservation of the old forms <Otto> and <Bruno> as forenames: surnames almost exclusively show that normal vernacular developments <Otte> and <Brune> and, in the south, <Ott> and <Brun>.

To sum up, <Anno Linko> is a fine OHG form; <Anne Linke> and <Anne Lynke> are fine MHG vernacular forms; and <Anno Lynke> is possible as a Latinized documentary form from the MHG period.

> (http://www.brittanica.com/seo/h/honorius-ii-1/) s.v."Honorius (II)"

This page no longer exists.  I imagine that the reference was to the antipope of that name, who was opposed by Anno of Cologne.

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL.

11) Berendi Imre (M) -- New Name
(Cleftlands)

Client will accept all changes and cares for Hungarian, time period not given.

[Berendi] -- locative surname dated in this spelling to 1441, 1610, etc. in Kázmér Miklós: "Régi Magyar Családnevek szótára."

[Imre] -- masculine name dated to 1560 and 1574 in Walraven van Nijmegen's "Hungarian Personal Names of the 16th Century." Which may be found at
http://www.g**cities.com/Athens/1336/magyar16.html .

Name Commentary

Talan – The name and documentation are fine.

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL

12) *Brendoken, Barony of -- New Award -- Award of the Golden Acorn -- Per pale vert and sable, an acorn Or.
(Name reg'd May '01)

Petition is included. No documentation was sent with the packet.

(Esct. Note: Two awards were returned for R.f.S color violation. Their check is forwarded to Dragon and the extra fees will be held until they can fix the problem.)

Badge Commentary

Cnut - Drei Eichen, Barony of - October of 1996 (via Drachenwald): Azure, an acorn Or.
Single CD for the field
Return for conflict

A&M - Award name: Conflicts with Golden Acorn, Order of the, which was registered to Wealdsmere, Barony of in May of 1997 (via An Tir).
Award badge: Conflicts with a badge of Drei Eichen, Barony of, registered in October of 1996 (via Drachenwald): Azure, an acorn Or.

RETURN FOR CONFLICT

13) *Brendoken, Barony of -- New Award -- Award of the Golden Alder Leaf -- Per pale vert and sable, an alder sprig fesswise Or.
(Name reg'd May '01)

Petition is included. No documentation was sent with the packet.

REBLAZON: Per pale vert and sable, an alder sprig fesswise reversed Or.

Badge Commentary

Piotr - The alder leaf is certainly closer to in bend sinister

Cnut - Per pale vert and sable, an alder sprig fesswise reversed Or

Talan - The sprig is fesswise reversed.

BAGE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

14) *Brendoken, Barony of -- New Award -- Award of the Golden Shield -- Per pale vert and sable, a heater shield Or.
(Name reg'd May '01)

Petition is included. No documentation was sent with the packet.

Badge Commentary

A&M and Cnut - Award badge:  Conflicts with Chandranath Mitra.  The following badge associated with this name was registered in August of 2003 (via Ansteorra):
(Fieldless) An escutcheon Or.

BADGE RETURNED FOR CONFLICT

15) *Brendoken, Barony of -- New Award -- Award of the Golden Thistle -- Per pale vert and sable, a thistle slipped and leaved Or.
(Name reg'd May '01)

Petition is included. No documentation was sent with the packet.

Badge Commentary

Talan – They've drawn 'Per pale vert and sable, issuant from base a thistle slipped and leaved or'; if they don't want the thistle to issue from base, they need to redraw it.

A&M - Award badge: Conflicts with Ansteorra, Kingdom of.  The following badge associated with this name was registered in August of 1981 (via Ansteorra):
(Fieldless) A blue thistle sable, slipped and leaved Or. [Eryngium leavenworthii], for the Order of the Sable Thistle of Ansteorra

From the Precedents of Francoise la Flamme: "[Per saltire arrondy gules and azure, a thistle Or] Conflict with the Order of the Sable Thistle of Ansteorra, (Fieldless) A blue thistle sable, slipped and leaved Or. There is one CD for changing the field, but the slips and leaves of the thistle are most of its tincture. There is therefore not a second CD for changing less than half the tincture of the thistle. [Sigulf Bjarnarson, 07/02, R-Meridies]"

BADGE RETURNED FOR CONFLICT

16) *Brendoken, Barony of -- New Award -- Award of the Golden Tower -- Per pale vert and sable, a tower Or.
(Name reg'd May '01)

Petition is included. No documentation was sent with the packet.

Badge Commentary

A&M - Award name:  Conflict with Golden Tower, Order of the.  This order name was registered to Sternfeld, Barony of in February of 1987 (via the Middle).
Award badge:  Multiple conflicts, of <field> a tower Or, etc.

Cnut – Ivanov von Schloss - July of 1971:Ermine, a tower Or.

Castile - December of 1994 (via Laurel): Gules, a castle triple-towered Or.

Brusten de Bearsul - December of 1975: Per fess embattled azure and vert, a tower Or.

Ellen of Neglamer - January of 1973: Sable, a conical roofed tower Or, ajouree in the upper sinister part.

Single CDs for the fields.

Return for multiple conflicts.

BADGE RETURNED FOR MULTIPLE CONFLICTS

17) Cano Mag Fhionnghail --New Badge -- [Fieldless] Three oak leaves vert and an acorn Or conjoined in the center at the stem
(Grand Rapids, MI)
(Name reg'd Jul '04)

Badge Commentary

A&M – The leaves should probably be specified as oak leaves. We are not sure if this is considered the default oak type.

Cnut - Clear

ORIGINAL SUBMISSION INDICATES OAK LEAVES. BADGE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

18) Cassandra de Belle-Isle-en-Mer (F) -- New Name and Device -- Per bend sinister rayonny argent and gules, in bend a unicorn rampant azure and a hedgehog statant argent.
(Marche of Aderford)

Client will *not* accept major changes.

[Cassandra] -- Withycombe, "Dic of Eng. Christian Names," s.n. Cassandra, form dated to 1207, 1210-13, 1302-3, 1273.

[Belle-Isle-en-Mer] -- Dauzat and Rostaing s.n. Belle-Isle-en-Terre, d. to 1050 as Bella Insula

Name Commentary

Talan - > Belle-Isle-en-Terre, d. to 1050 as Bella Insula

This is wrong: the headword is <Belle-Isle-en-Terre>, but the 1050 citation of <Bella Insula> is for Belle-Isle-en-Mer, in record as <insula Guedel> in 1026. The citation <Bella Insula> for Belle-Isle-en-Terre is from 1444.

Complex place-names with qualifiers like <en Mer> rarely if ever show up in locative bynames; I don't think that I've seen an example.  In this case one would get the locative <de Belle Isle>, and the rest would be dropped.  In many cases the additional descriptive elements were added much later in order to distinguish the place from another of the same name.  In fact, Dauzat & Rostaing note that that's the case here: the qualifiers were added to distinguish the two places previously called simply <Belle Isle>.  The 1444 citation for Belle-Isle-en-Terre strongly suggests that the addition occurred too late for a literal locative byname or for locative surname formation, even if such modifiers *were* normally used in bynames/surnames.

<Cassandra> was quite popular in 13th century England (Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Cass>), but I haven't seen a medieval French example of the name; in particular, Morlet found no example of it through the 12th century.  If the French did use it, the vernacular form was probably <Cassandre>, though <Cassandra> would presumably still have been used in Latin contexts.

Even shortened to <Cassandra de Belle Isle> the name is pretty questionable; as it stands, it should be returned.

Device Commentary

Cnut & Piotr – Clear

NAME RETURNED PER TALAN’S COMMENT, DEVICE RETURNED WITH NAME

19) Castell Gwent, Shire of -- New Badge -- [Fieldless] A panther rampant regardant tail nowed vert incensed gules sustaining a wheat stalk vert
(Name reg'd Apr '05)

(Esct. Note: This submission has been pended for lack of petition at support.)

PENDED UNTIL PETITION OF SUPPORT IS RECEIVED

20) Cathan MacCullaich -- Device Resubmission-- Sable, in bend three crescents argent.
(Dublin, OH)
(Name reg'd Feb '02)

Sable, on a chief dovetailed argent, in pale a pineapple inverted and a bar vert was returned by Laurel, Mar. '93.

Device Commentary

Piotr - reblazon as  Sable,  in bend three crescents argent.

A&M - The crescents are in bend. Should be clear of Conflict with Oonami Yoshirou Kageyoshi, device registered in April of 1998 (via the Middle): Sable, three crescents conjoined at the tips pallwise argent. There is 1 CD for arrangement on the field, and a second CD for changing the orientation
of the crescents.

Cnut - Sable, in bend three crescents argent

ORIGINAL SUBMISSION FORM BLAZON DOES STATE ‘IN BEND’ DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

21) Çinara María de Trujillo (F) -- New Name and Device -- Gules, a camel-leopard rampant Or spotted sable and on a chief argent two trefoils slipped gules.
(Gwyntarian)

Client will *not* accept major changes. The submitter will *only* accept changes to the accents in the second name element.

[Çinara] -- listed (cited in 1366) in "Basque Feminine Names," by Aryanhwy merch Catmael (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/spanish/basque.html)

[María] -- listed 4 times in the same article.

[de Trujillo]-- listed 7 times (1560-1574) in the Miscellaneous Bynames section of "16th Century Spanish Names," by Elsbeth Ann Roth. (http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/bynames-alpha.html)

Name Commentary

Talan – The use of two given names, while not absolutely impossible, is very unlikely:

 In one study of the titled nobility in the 16th century, less than 3% of the people had double given names.  In  most lists of names, less than 1% of people have double given names (Juliana de Luna, publication pending).

This is from report Nr. 2703 of the Academy of S. Gabriel, footnote [2], available at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/2703>.

Before the 16th century double given names are virtually unheard of in Spain.  Thus, this name can make sense only as a 16th century name.  This makes the spelling of the first name more than a bit problematic.  In the 14th century the letter <ç> denoted the sound \ts\ in Old Spanish; presumably the Basque name started with one of the two Basque \ts\-like sounds, now spelled <ts> and <tz>.  (Basque has two different \s\-like sounds, spelled and <z>.)  By the 16th century, however, the Old Spanish \ts\ had been replaced by an \s\ sound made with the tip of the tongue very close to the upper teeth, a sound that later became \th\ (as in <thing>) in Castilian. [Ralph Penny, A History of the Spanish Language (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991), §2.6.2]  Thus, by the 16th century the spelling <Çinara> no longer represented the pronunciation of the Basque name.  It's possible that the name might still have been written the same way, especially since the sequence \ts\ no longer occurred in Spanish; indeed, it's possible that a Spanish speaker would have substituted an \s\ sound for the Basque \ts\ sound.

In short, the name is extremely unlikely, combining a very rare late-period practice (double given name) with a very unusual forename for which we have no late-period documentation and whose likely late-period spelling is a bit uncertain.  It's poor historical re-creation.  Still, the possibility that the Basque name, if still in use, could still have been spelled <Çinara> in 16th century Spanish is good enough to justify sending the name forward.

NAME FORWARED TO LAUREL WITH TALAN’S COMMENTS, DEVICE FORWARDED ALONG WITH NAME.

22) Catriona nicHugh McLae -- New Badge -- [Fieldless] a gilly flower gules slipped and leaved vert.
(Louisville, OH)
(Name reg'd Feb '87)

Badge Comments

A&M and Cnut - [Fieldless] a gillyflower slipped and leaved proper

Dorathea Osborne. Device. Or, a gillyflower gules slipped and leaved vert. This conflicts with The Emperor of Japan Dark, a sixteen petaled chrysanthemum, light. In September, 1996 Laurel returned A gillyflower quarterly gules and azure., for conflict with the Emperor of Japan, therefore by precedent there is not a CD between the two flowers. Also by precedent there is not a CD for slipping the flower LoAR 05/98 R-Caid

Return for conflict.

RETURN FOR CONFLICT

23) Catraoine O' More (F) -- New Name and Device -- Azure, three unicorns rampant argent
(Stormvale)

Client will accept all changes and wants Gaelic late period.

[Catraoine] -- Woulfe, "Irish Names and Surnames," p. 209, a variant of Caitrin, undated.
O'Corrain and Maguire, "Irish Names," s.n. Caiterina, gives this as the second form after the colon. Caitriana is given as a late medieval form. Mari neyn Brian's "Index of Names in the Irish Annals," (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/1201-1600.shtml) dates <Caitríona> to the 15th and 16th century.

[O More] -- MacLysaght, "The Surnames of Ireland," p. 221, undated.
Woulfe, "Irish Names and Surnames," s.n. O'Mordha lists O Mora and O Morey as late period anglicizations.

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Catraoine] -- Woulfe, "Irish Names and Surnames," p. 209, a variant of Caitrin, undated. O'Corrain and Maguire, "Irish Names," s.n. Caiterina, gives this as the >second form after the colon. Caitriana is given as a late medieval form.

I have no idea what this is supposed to be: <Caitriana> isn't given at all, and no form is described as late medieval.

> Mari neyn Brian's "Index of Names in the Irish Annals," (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/1201-1600.shtml) dates <Caitríona> to the 15th and >16th century.

That would be the safest form to use: I suspect that <Catraoine> is post-period.

> [O More] -- MacLysaght, "The Surnames of Ireland," p. 221, undated. Woulfe, "Irish Names and Surnames," s.n. O'Mordha

No, the headword is <Ó Mórdha>.

> lists O Mora and O Morey as late period anglicizations.

Since she wants Gaelic (i.e., Irish), these Englishings won't do.  The daughter of an <Ó Mórdha> is <inghean Uí Mhórdha> 'daughter of O Mora', so the late-period Irish
name implied by her submitted form is <Caitríona inghean Uí Mhórdha>.

NAME CHANGED TO <Caitríona inghean Uí Mhórdha> PER TALAN’S COMMENTS. NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.

24) *Ceolwyn the Green (F) -- New Name
(Baile Na Scolairi)

Client will accept all changes and cares 9th or 10th century Saxon.

[Ceolwyn] -- "Anglo-Saxon Women's Names from Royal Charters," by Mariek van de Dal, (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/marieke/anglosaxonfem/) s.n. Ceolwyn [Ceolynnes] 10th and 11th c.; English
"Anglo-Saxons.net" (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1539) s.n. S 1539 cites Ceolwynne in a will.

[the Green] -- "Anglo-Saxons.net" (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=484) s.n. S 484 cites "A.D. 942. King Edmund to Wulfsige the Black; grant of land at Walton-on-Trent, Coton in the Elms. . ."
"Anglo-Saxons.net," (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1476) s.n. S 1476 cites "Agreement between Bishop Stigand, the community at Old Minster, Winchester, and Wulfweard the White concerning 10 hides. . ."

(Esct. Note: It was hard wading through the documentation that the client provided. I only provided the best sources.)

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Ceolwyn] -- "Anglo-Saxon Women's Names from Royal Charters," by Mariek van de Dal, (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/marieke/anglosaxonfem/)
> s.n. Ceolwyn [Ceolynnes] 10th and 11th c.; English "Anglo-Saxons.net" (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1539)
> s.n. S 1539 cites Ceolwynne in a will.

Not quite: the grammar of the sentence shows that <Ceolwynne> must be in the dative case; the corresponding nominative case is <Ceolwynn> or <Ceolwyn>.  Both are possible, so the citation does support <Ceolwyn>.

> [the Green] -- "Anglo-Saxons.net" (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=484) s.n. S 484 cites "A.D. 942. King Edmund to Wulfsige the
> Black; grant of land at Walton-on-Trent, Coton in the Elms. . ." "Anglo-Saxons.net,"

That's the modern English summary; the charter itself is in Latin and calls the recipient <Wulsie pre Maur'>.  A genuine Old English example can be found in Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Black>: <Wulfsie se blaca> 964 (though the classical Old English spelling would be <se blæca>).

> (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1476) s.n. S 1476 cites "Agreement between Bishop Stigand, the community at Old Minster, >Winchester, and Wulfweard the White concerning 10 hides. . ."

Again, that's the modern English summary; in the charter, which is in Old English, the man in question is called <Wulfweardæ hwitan>, <Wulfweard>, and <Wulfwearð>, of which the last two are in the nominative case, and the first is in the dative case and implies a nominative <Wulfweard hwita>.

Unfortunately, neither of these citations supports the desired byname: the Old English bynames refer to hair color or complection (see Reaney & Wilson s.nn. <Black>, <White>), and green is not a possible color for either.

In short, <Ceolwyn> is fine, but the byname is not.

NAME RETURENED FOR LACK DOCUMTATION SUPPORTING NAME.

25) Chiledu Mergen (M) New Name and Badge -- [Fieldless] A bear's head cabossed purpure.
(Olive Hill, KY)

Client will accept all changes.

[Chiledu] -- "Names from of the Secret History of the Mongols," <http://www.laohats.com/Names%20from%20The%20Secret%20History%20of%20the%20Mongols.htm> lists "Chiledu (m) p. 11 'A nobleman of the Merkid tribe"

[Mergen] -- same source "Dobun the Clever (m) p. 3 Glossary lists him as 'Dobun Mergen'."

REBLAZON: [Fieldless] A bear's head cabossed purpure langued gules.

Name Commentary

Talan - The dictionary of Classical Mongolian at <http://www.linguamongolia.co.uk/searchdict.html> glosses <mergen> 'a good marksman; wisdom, wise; learned; sage; experienced; apt'; the little one at http://laurencio.webz.cz/mongolxel/classical/index.htm simply glosses it 'wise'.  'Clever' is at least in the right semantic ballpark.

The name appears to be fine

Badge Commentary

A&M – Badge: The bear is langued gules.

NAME AND BAGED FORWARDED TO LAUREL

26) Christina Noëlla (F) New Name and Device -- Per chevron sable and purpure, a chevron and in base a phoenix rising from flames Or.
(Stonecroft)

Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for 16th century English/French (Englishwoman married a frenchman and living in France).

[Christina] -- Reaney and Wilson, "Dic of Eng. Surnames," p. 321 s.n. [Netter] dates "Christina Netter" to 1367

[Noëlla] -- According to the paperwork: "Could not document this spelling at the consult table. If this is not registerable, the submitter prefers <Noell> found as a surname in Hitching and Hitching "References to English Surnames 1601," on p. lii and okays this change."

Documentation for other spelling variants of this name are on the attached work sheet.

Name Commentary

Talan - The name is cited from court rolls, which in the 14^th century were Latin documents.  Bynames were typically left in the vernacular (except that the documentary French article usually replaced Middle English <the>), but forenames were almost always Latinized.  Modern editions very often convert standard Latin forms like <Johannes> to their modern English equivalents, in this case <John>; indeed this was evidently done in the case of <John le Netmaker> 1336, cited by Reaney & Wilson from the same modern edition.  It appears that the editors left <Christina> alone, presumably because it is as much a standard modern form as <Christine> is.

The first point of this is that <Christina> is a documentary Latin form; it isn't clear what the vernacular forms were in the mid-14th century, but <Cristin> is one good bet, as is the much more common <C(h)ristian> (Reaney & Wilson s.nn. <Christin>, <Christian>).  The second point is that a mid-14th century Latinized form is no evidence at all for 16th century use.

In the 16th century <Christian> (and variants) was still a much more common feminine name than <Christine> (and variants), to judge by the considerable amount of data that I've been able to examine.  I did finally find some examples of the latter in Douglas Galbi's collection of names from the Guild of the Holy Cross, Our Lady, and St. John the Baptist, Stratford-on-Avon, at <http://www.galbithink.org/names/guild.txt>:

  <christine> 1425, 1528, 1530
  <christin> 1426
  <cristina> 1500
  <cristonne> 1512

And whatever form she used in England, we would expect the usual French <Christine> in France.

> [Noëlla] -- According to the paperwork: "Could not document this spelling at the consult table. If this is not registerable, the submitter prefers <Noell> found as a
> surname in Hitching and Hitching "References to English Surnames 1601," on p. lii and okays this change."

<Noëlla> and <Noella> are thoroughly unlikely as French surnames.  <Noelle> is a possibility, if only as a feminization of the masculine surname <Noel> (Dauzat s.n. <Noël>), though I have no actual example on hand.  <Noell> is of course English.  If she's serious about the stated persona, I'd suggest <Christine Noelle> or <Christine Noel>; if not, <Cristina Noell> is the form closest to her other preferences that is well supported by the available documentation.

NAME CHANGED TO <Cristina Noell> NAME AND DEVICE FORWADED TO LAUREL.

27) Ciarán Campbell (M) --New Name
(Ravenslake)

Client will *not* major or minor changes, and understands that if there is any changes necessary, it'll be returned.

[Ciarán] -- O'Corrain and Maguire, "Irish Names," p. 51, 'uncommon as a secular name in early period.'

[Campbell] -- "Surnames of Scotland," by Black, p 129-130, 'clan name through period", "common surname."

Name Commentary

Talan – According to Mari's index at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Ciaran.shtml>, <Ciarán> has been noted in the Annals of Ulster in entries for dates between 512 and 1061.  To the best of my knowledge it has not been noted in Scotland at all, and it appears to have gone out of use before the earliest Campbell in record, <Gillespic Cambel> 1263 (Black s.n. <Campbell>).

> [Campbell] -- "Surnames of Scotland," by Black, p 129-130, 'clan name through period", "common surname."

This is wholly unacceptable: Black's article on the name <Campbell> contains nothing remotely like these alleged quotations.

The name was originally an epithet, <caimbeul> in modern Scottish Gaelic, meaning 'wry or crooked mouth'.  In Old Irish, the form of the language compatible with the attested instance of <Ciarán>, this byname would have been <cammbél> (or possibly <cambél>), from <camm> 'crooked, bent, curved, twisted' and 'mouth, lips'. [Dictionary of the Irish Language Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, compact edn. (Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1990), s.vv. <camm>, ]

<Ciarán cam(m)bél> would be a fine Old Irish name; the submitted name is impossible not only for the geographical and temporal reasons already suggested, but also because, current CoA policy to the contrary notwithstanding, the mixing of Gaelic and English orthography in a single written name is *not* a period practice.  I'll let others worry about whether the name is registerable despite the cumulative impossibilities.

NAME FOWARDED TO LAUREL WITH TALAN’S COMMENTS

28) Ciarán Campbell (M) -- New Household Name "House Manticore" and Badge --Azure, two bat-winged scorpion-tailed lions combattant, armed and langued gules
(Ravenslake)

Client will *not* major or minor changes, and understands that if there is any changes necessary, it'll be returned.

[House] -- generic designator

[Manticore] -- Heraldic monster/charge; reference: Inn name, "House of the Red Lion," or "Dragon Inn"

REBLAZON: Azure, two bat-winged scorpion-tailed lions combatant argent, armed and langued gules

Name Commentary

Talan - It's wildly unlikely, but probably not impossible.  Judging by the OED citations, <manticora> would be a more typical spelling, however.

Badge Commentary

Cnut - Azure, two bat-winged scorpion-tailed lions combattant argent armed and langued gules

Tamera FitzGloucestre of the White Boar - February of 1982 (via the East): Azure, two cats combattant, tails sufflexed, argent, both maintaining a fountain fimbriated argent.

CD type of primaries, possible CD for the fountain.  The registration predates Bruce's maintained/sustained precedent and might be misblazoned by current standards.

Visual call

A&M - The lions are argent.  Possible conflict with Tamera FitzGloucestre of the White Boar.  The following badge associated with this name was registered in February of 1982 (via the East): Azure, two cats combattant, tails sufflexed, argent, both maintaining a fountain fimbriated argent. for Harrogate Hall

NAME AND BADGE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

29) Cyneburh Edriceswif -- New Name and Device -- Azure, a hedgehog couchant argent.
(Portage, MI)

Client will *not* major changes and wants a name meaning: "Cyneburh, Edric's wife." According to the paperwork: "Please correct grammar as necessary."

[Cyneburh] -- Searle, "Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum" cites this spelling in 643, 675, 680-710, 730, 740, 901, 1050.

[Edric] -- Searle, "Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum" gives two undated instances, references Eadric s.n. Eadric: numerous citations in this spelling from c. 630-1077.

[-wif] -- "wife"

Name Commentary

Talan - The first spelling in any entry in Searle is guaranteed to be a normalized form; it *might* also be the actual documentary form, but that would be a happy accident.  The only spellings in Searle that can be trusted are those that are *not* the first form listed.  Thus, these citations show only that the names were in use in some form; they do *not* support the submitted spellings.  To support those, we need documentary spellings.  As always, a good source is the Anglo-Saxon charters available on-line at <http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=show&page=Charters>. The Latin charter S 221, dated 901, has <Cyneburg>, and the Old English charter S 72, dated 680 but generally considered to be a later forgery, has <Kineburh>.

<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+221>
<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+72>

Maria Boehler, Die altenglischen Frauennamen (Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint Limited, 1967 [1930]), p. 47, notes <Cyneburh> from the annal for the year 656 in the E version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; this MS. is an 1122 copy of a MS. close to the original chronicle, which was compiled in the 9th century.

<http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/asc/intro.html>

<Cyneburh> should be perfectly acceptable.

The charters have several instances of <Edric>, both in Latin and in Old English charters, e.g., the Latin S 395, dated 925, and the Old English S 1483, dated between 946 and ca. 951.

<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+395>
<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+1483>

The Old English charter S 1448a, dated between 983 and 985,
shows the genitive in the name <Eduuine Edrices sune>.

> [-wif] -- "wife"

In the charters I was able to find a number of examples of someone described as So-and-so's wife, though never with the woman's forename: S 1497, dated between about 990 and 1001, has <wulfrices wif þæs huntan> 'wife of Wulfric the hunter'; S 1539, dated to the 10th or 11th century, has <Ceolstanes wif> 'Ceolstan's wife'; and S 1462, dated between 1016 and 1035, has <Ðurcilles wif> 'Ðurcil(l)'s wife'.  A bit closer is <Godgife þæs eorles wif> 'Godgife the eorl's wife' from S 1478, dated between 1053 and 1055.

<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+1497>
<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+1537>
<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+1462>
<http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+1478>

Still, this would seem to be enough evidence to justify <Cyneburh Edrices wif> as a reasonable late Old English form.  The word <wif> 'wife' is normally written separately
(as, for that matter, is <sunu> or <sune> 'son').

Device Commentary

A&M - Probable conflict with Avalon Dubois.  The following device associated with this name was registered in July of 2003 (via the Outlands):  Azure, a hedgehog between three clouds argent.  There is one CD for removal of the clouds, but not necessarily a second CD for the change from the default statant to couchant.
From RfS X.4.h, Posture Changes, " Changing from passant to couchant, however, visually removes the legs from the bottom of the charge and is considered significant."
However, From the Precedents of Daud ibn Auda, 2nd Tenure: "[an otter couchant vs a ferret statant guardant] It is extremely hard to tell the difference between statant and couchant on very short-legged critters like otters and ferrets; so much so that a visual comparison of the emblazons showed very little difference between them. [No CD was given.] (Iain MacDhugal Cameron of Ben Liath, 5/95 p. 10)"

Possible conflict with Mergriet van Edelare.  The following device associated with this name was registered in July of 1996 (via Ansteorra): Gules, a hedgehog statant argent its quills impaling grapes purpure.  Although there is no CD for removing a single maintained charge, it is possible that removing multiple maintained charges might be enough to grant a CD.  There is probably not a CD for the change in posture from statant to couchant, since the hedgehogs have short legs.

Cnut – Avalon Dubois - July of 2003 (via the Outlands): Azure, a hedgehog between three clouds argent.
Single CD for the clouds.

Mergriet van Edelare - July of 1996 (via Ansteorra): Gules, a hedgehog statant argent its quills impaling grapes purpure.
Single CD for the field.  No CD for the maintained grapes.

Return for multiple conflicts.

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL, DEVICE RETURNED FOR MULTIPULE CONFLICT.

30) Cyneburh Edriceswif -- New Badge -- [Fieldless] a hedgehog couchant argent.
(Portage, MI)

Badge Commentary

Cnut - Mergriet van Edelare - July of 1996 (via Ansteorra): Gules, a hedgehog statant argent its quills impaling grapes purpure.
Single CD for fieldless.  No CD for the maintained grapes.
Return for conflict.

A&M - Possible conflict with Mergriet van Edelare (see comments for #29).

RETURN FOR CONFLICT

31) Decima De Seta -- New Name and Device -- Gules, three doves displayed Or
(Hrodgiersfjordr)

Client will accept all changes and cares for sound and language/culture. This is a Lost Sheep from Pennsic 33. She provided proof of payment "$20.00 accepted 8/21/04," signed by Katarin, receipt #115499, she paid in cash.

[Decima] -- s.n. Decimo, de Felice, "Dizionario dei Nomi Italiani," p. 124. De Felice indicates that this name occurs in the north and central regions. It was the name of a "Latin individual Decimus," and was given to the tenth child.

[De Seta] This is the submitter's mundane last name. Photo copy of Driver's License is included in the paperwork.

Name Commentary

Talan – > [Decima] -- s.n. Decimo, de Felice, "Dizionario dei Nomi Italiani," p. 124. De Felice indicates that this name occurs in the north and central regions. It was the name of a "Latin individual Decimus,"

That is not what it says.  It says that Italian <Decimo> continues the Latin byname <Decimus>, which was also used as a given name and as a single name (i.e., without any byname).  De Felice goes on to say that it may also in some cases be a new formation in medieval Italian, not deriving from the Latin name, but with the same underlying sense, i.e., 'tenth child'.

Device Commentary

Cnut - Constantinople, Emperor of - December of 1994 (via Laurel): Gules, a double-headed eagle Or.
Single CD for number of primaries.

Éadaoin na Slebhte - April of 2000 (via Artemisia): Gules, three martlets Or.
Single CD for posture.

Return for multiple conflicts.

A&M - Conflict with Éadaoin na Slebhte.  The following device associated with this name was registered in April of 2000 (via Artemisia): Gules, three martlets Or. While there is possibly a significant difference between a dove and a martlet (leading to 1 CD), there is not a substantial difference because the doves are displayed.

From the Precedents of Francoise la Flamme: "It is vanishingly rare to find birds other than eagles in the displayed posture, while vast multitudes of eagles are found in the displayed posture. We thus re-affirm the January 2000 Cover Letter precedent (above). All birds (other than eagles) in the displayed posture are considered a "weirdness" and are not eligible for substantial difference - unless documentation is provided showing that the particular type of (non-eagle) bird is frequently found in the displayed posture in period."

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL. DEVICE RETURNED FOR CONFLICT.

32) Draga uxor Berendi (F)-- New Name
(Cleftlands)

Client will accept all changes and cares for an Hungarian name, time period not given.

[Draga] -- feminine name dated to 1208, 1228, and 1261 in this spelling on p. 258 of "Fehértói Katalin: Árpàd-Kori személynévtár."

[uxor] -- Latin for "wife"

[Berendi] -- Masculine name dated to 1138 on p. 116 of same.

Name Commentary

Talan – Is this person is trying to show relationship to Berendi Imre (Nr. 32 above)?  If so, I'd expect <uxor Imre>: I haven't seen much in the way of Hungarian documentary usage, but in Latin documentary usage elsewhere I've most often seen <uxor> followed by the husband's forename or full name, not by his surname/byname.

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL.

33) Dragano da Monte -- New Device -- Per chevron azure and gules, in base a dragon couchant Or.
(Williamstown,WV)
(Name reg'd Nov '02)

REBLAZON: Per chevron azure and gules, in base a dragon couchant wings addorsed Or.

Device Commentary

Cnut - Per chevron azure and gules, in base a dragon couchant wings addorsed Or

The line of division should be higher.

Huette Aliza von und zu Ährens und Mechthildberg - May of 1991 (via Caid): Purpure, a dragon with the head and wings of an eagle couchant, wings addorsed, Or.
CD field, CD unforced move.

Clear

DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

34) Dragano da Monte -- New Badge -- Per chevron throughout azure and gules, in base a dragon sejant Or.
(Williamstown,WV)
(Name reg'd Nov '02)

Badge Commentary

Cnut - Percival de Toulouse - November of 1982 (via the Middle): Per fess indented azure and gules, a wyvern passant Or.
CD field, CD unforced move.

Clear

BADGE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.

35) Edward Heron the Quiet (M)-- New Name and Device -- Azure, a heron close, on a chief embattled Or, a rapier fesswise sable.
(Shadowed Stars)

Client will *not* accept major changes and wishes if there are any changes to contact him via email: silently@earthlink.net. He wants 'Heron" in his name.

[Edward] -- Withycombe, "Dic of Eng. Christian Names," s.n. Edward gives Edward the Elder's ruling dates as 901-924 and Edward the Confessor as the last of the Alfred line of Kings.

[Heron] -- Reaney and Wilson, "Dic of Eng. Surnames," s.n. Heron gives Hairun (12th c.), Herun 1212, and Heroun 1298.
"Brass Enscription Index," by Julian Goodwyn, s.n. Heron -- 1517

[the Quiet] -- is a descriptive byname. This names is formed per Cateline de la Mor la souriete "A Brief Introduction to the History of Names," (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/namehist.html)

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Edward] -- Withycombe, "Dic of Eng. Christian Names," s.n. Edward gives Edward the Elder's ruling dates as 901-924 and Edward the Confessor as the last of >the Alfred line of Kings.

These are irrelevant, since the Old English name is <Éadweard> (and minor variations).  (Actually, it's possible that <Edward> appears in late Old English, but that would
have to be demonstrated.)  We need two things: evidence that the name was used, and evidence for the submitted spelling. The former is no problem at all: Bo Seltén, The Anglo-Saxon Heritage in Middle English Personal Names, 2 vols. (Lund, Sweden: Royal Society of Letters at Lund, 1979), II:73, has examples in East Anglia from 1121x1148 to 1381 and notes that it 'is one of the leading Anglo-Saxon names in medieval East Anglia'.

For the spelling we can start with the fact that the Latin form <Edwardus> already occurs in Domesday Book; this is a good indication that <Edward> is early Middle English. [Olof von Feilitzen, 'The Personal Names and Bynames of the Winton Domesday', in Martin Biddle, ed., Winchester in the Early Middle Ages, Winchester Studies 1 (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1976); p. 155]  Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Edward> have a patronymic byname <Edward'> 1219, representing either Latinized <Edwardi> or vernacular <Edward> or <Edwarde>, and Bardsley s.n. <Edward> has <Edward> as a byname in 1327 and 1379; whether these are literal patronymics or not (and it's quite likely that at least some of the 1379 instances from Yorkshire are, since literal patronymics were still in common use there), they show a contemporary spelling of the name.  In short, the modern spelling is usable just about any time after the Conquest, and certainly from about 1200 on.

> [Heron] -- Reaney and Wilson, "Dic of Eng. Surnames," s.n. Heron gives Hairun (12th c.), Herun. 1212, and Heroun. 1298.

Bardsley s.n. <Heron> adds three instances of <Herun> 1379 and <Heron> 1546.  The on-line OED s.v. <heron> first shows the modern spelling ca.1386; other spellings would be more characteristic, but <heron> is probably acceptable after about 1350.

> "Brass Enscription Index," by Julian Goodwyn, s.n. Heron -- 1517

> [the Quiet] -- is a descriptive byname. This names is formed per Cateline de la Mor la souriete "A Brief Introduction to the History of Names,"
> (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/namehist.html)

I'm afraid that it isn't, because the word <quiet> wasn't available early enough.  It's a borrowing either from Old French <quiete> or from the Latin past participle <quietus>
of <quiescere> 'to come to rest' that is first noted in 1382 in Wyclif's bible (in the form <quyet>). [On-line OED s.v. <quiet>.]  That is late enough to make its use as a byname pretty unlikely.

Medieval English bynames with the desired meaning are known. Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Still> cite <Stille> 1166 and <le Stille> 1275, from Old English <stille> 'still, quiet', and s.n. <Coy> they have <le Coi> 1203, <le Coy> 1296, <Coye> 1301 from Middle English <coy> 'quiet, still', a borrowing of Old French <coi> with the same sense.

The simultaneous use of two bynames is very unusual, especially when both are of nickname type.  Quite a few people appear in record with more than one byname, but
generally with only one at a time, like the man who appears in 1312 both as <J. le Mazeliner> and as <J. Lambyn>. [Gustav Fransson, Middle English Surnames of Occupation, 1100-1350_ (Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup, 1935), p. 21]  The closest thing to a model that I know is <William Cros le Bole> 1305 (Reaney & Wilson, p. xiii), and in that case the first byname is actually locative in origin.  This might be enough to give the name the benefit of the doubt in terms of the structure, but only with a genuine secondary byname. The two-element <Edward Heron>, on the other hand, would be just fine for at least the last couple of centuries of the SCA period.

NAME AND DEVICE FORWORDED TO LAUREL.

36) Emma O'Quynnyne (F)-- New Name
(Gleann Isruinn)

Client will *not* accept major changes and cares for sound.

[Emma] -- c. 1349-50 "Feminine Given Names from Kent," by AElfwyn aet Gyrwum (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/aelfwyn/kentfemnames.html)

[O'Quynnyne] – c.1600 form in Woulfe, "Irish Names and Surnames," s.n. "Ó Cuínn

NAME PENDED DUE TO LACK OF PAPERWORK. SUBMISSION FORMS WERE NOT IN THE PACKET SENT TO ROUGE SCARPE

37) *Engelbert the Pious -- Device Resubmission -- Quarterly azure and vert, between two estoilles of twelve points in bend a lightening bolt couped bendwise sinister argent.
(Hammond, IN)

REBLAZON: Quarterly azure and vert, between two suns of twelve points in bend a lightening bolt couped bendwise sinister argent.

Quarterly azure and vert, between two estoilles of twelve points in bend a lightening bolt couped bendwise sinister argent was returned by RS, Jun '05 for Return for violating RfS VII.7.a. Identification Requirement - Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance.

Device Commentary

A&M – The charges in bend are suns, not estoilles

Cnut - Quarterly azure and vert, a lightening bolt bendwise sinister between two suns argent

There is a weirdness for the SCA compatible thunderbolt.
Clear

DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.

38) Fiacc mac Aéda --Device Resubmission -- Per bend sinister argent and purpure, a raven migrant bendwise to sinister sable, a fireball argent
(Toledo, OH)
(Name reg'd May '98)

REBLAZON: Per bend sinister argent and purpure, a raven migrant bendwise sinister sable and a fireball argent

Per bend sinister argent and purpure, a raven migrant bendwise to sinister sable, a fireball argent was returned Jun '05 by RS for redraw and lack of copies.

Device Commentary

Cnut - Per bend sinister argent and purpure, a raven migrant bendwise sinister sable and a fireball argent

There is a weirdness for using the non-period SCA compatible posture migrant.

Clear

DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

39) Finnbogi Úlfkelsson (M) -- New Name and Device -- Gyronny of eight argent and vert, three drinking horns fretted in annule sable
(Cleftlands)

Client will accept all changes and cares for Old Norse/Viking.

REBLAZON: Gyronny argent and vert, three drinking horns fretted in annulo sable

Geirr Bassi, "Old Norse Names":
p. 9 Finnbogi
p. 15 Úlfkell
per page 17's discussion of the formation of patronymics, names ending in < -ll > drop the second < -l > and append < -sson > for masculine names.

Name Commentary

Talan – The name <Finnbogi> was fairly common in Iceland in the Viking period; from Norway there is only one example before the 14th century. [E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden, Uppsala, 1905-1915, s.n. <Finnbogi>.]

<Úlfkell> is another story.  It's the name of a thrall mentioned in Landnámabók, but his nationality is unknown; since this is the only instance of the name in Iceland or
Norway, it's quite possible that the name was not native to Old West Scandinavian.  It occurs a number of times in Old East Scandinavian, both in Old Danish and in Old Swedish, but it isn't common.  Oddly enough, it *is* frequent in England, especially in the northern Danelaw. [John Insley, Scandinavian Personal Names in Norfolk: A Survey Based on Medieval Records and Place-Names, Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi 62, Uppsala, 1995, s.n. <Úlfkell>.]  Still, the name did find its way to Iceland at least once, so the name is certainly possible for Viking age Iceland.

The form is correct after about 1200; before that the first vowel of the patronym was short, so that it was <Ulfkell>, not <Úlfkell>. [Siegfried Gutenbrunner, Historische Laut-
und Formenlehre des Altisländischen (Heidelberg: Carl Winter Unitätsverlag, 1951); §47.3.]  Thus, for the Viking period proper it's <Ulfkell>.  Also, both inscriptions of that
period and the earliest manuscripts, which are a little later, generally separate the 'son' element, so if he really wants a Viking period name, <Finnbogi Ulfkels son> would be the best choice, followed by <Finnbogi Ulfkelsson>.  Since he's easy about changes, I'd go with <Finnbogi Ulfkels son>.

Device Commentary

Cnut - Gyronny argent and vert, three drinking horns fretted in annulo one and two sable

Clear

NAME CHANGED TO <Finnbogi Ulfkels son> AND FORWARDED TO LAUREL ALONG WITH DEVICE

40) Finepopla la Breustere (F) -- New Name
(Middle Marches)

Client accept all changes and cares for 1200 England. The given name is more important than byname.

[Finepopla] -- Talan's "Fem. Given Names in Reaney and Wilson," header form 1203

[la Breustere] -- Bardsley, "A Dic. of Eng. and Welsh Surnames," s.n. Brewster -- [Emma la Breustere] 1273

Name Commentary

Talan – Actually, the correct date is 1279, and the correct citation is <Emma le Breustere>, as given by Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Brewster>.  The Hundred Rolls, source of this citation, are actually a few years later than was thought in Bardsley's day, and it's likelier that he misread the definite article than that Reaney did.  However, Trevor John, ed., The Warwickshire Hundred Rolls of 1279-80: Stoneleigh and Kineston Hundreds, Records of Social and Economic History XIX (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press for the British Academy, 1992), p. 292, has <Isabella la Breustere> holding one cotagium from an Alicia Mantel.

It would be nice to have citations a little closer together, since use of the odd name <Finepopla> may well be confined to the period right around 1200.  Unfortunately, occupational bynames are less common in early records than they are later (and ca. 1200 is early), and when they do occur, they tend to be in Latin.  Still, the originally masculine form <bruwere> occurs in 1148 [Olof von Feilitzen, 'The Personal Names and Bynames of the Winton Domesday', in Martin Biddle, ed., Winchester in the Early Middle Ages, Winchester Studies 1 (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1976); p. 200], and we have examples of the definite article in early occupational bynames (e.g., <le Bakere> 1177, <le caretier> 1192-3, <le careter> 1210 from Reaney & Wilson s.nn. <Baker>, <Carter>), so the name should be fine as submitted.

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL

41) Gabriel Baumer (M) -- New Name and Device -- Per pale vert and sable, a praying mantis rampant, in chief 2 trees blasted Or
(Thistler)

Client will *not* accept major changes.

REBLAZON: Per pale vert and sable, a praying mantis statant erect, in chief 2 trees blasted Or

[Gabriel] -- Bahlow, p. 138, s.n. Gabriel, "As first name and FN freq. in Catholic S. Germany"
Brechenmacher, vol. 1, p. 523, [Hans Gabriel] c. 1523

[Baumer] -- Bahlow, p. 31, "name of origin and dwelling place."
Brechenmacher.vol 1, p. 84, [Boumer] 1318

(Esct. Note: Sorry, This is all that was provided on the Pennsic Worksheet.)

Name Commentary

Talan – <Gabriel> is cited from 1365 and 1422 in my article 'Medieval German Given Names from Silesia' at

<http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/bahlowMasc.html>. There's an instance from 1497 (alongside four of <Gabriell>) in Ary's 'German Names from Nürnberg, 1497' at <http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html>.

I've not been able to dig up a period citation for the specific form <Baumer>, but this shouldn't be a problem. The <Baum-> element is <Baum> 'tree', Middle High German (MHG) <boum>.  MHG <ou> developed into modern <au>, a development that began in Bavaria by the 12th century.  This development actually took very different courses in the different dialects, but in the written language the <au> spelling eventually became standard. [Richard von Kienle, Historische Laut- und Formenlehre des Deutschen (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1969), §49; Wilhelm Schmidt et al., Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache (Berlin: Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag, 1969), §4.2.2.8]  We can see it, for instance, in <Eberhard Baumhanns> 1436, <Andr. Baumkircher> 1452, and <Matthis Baumhart> 1554, all of whose surnames contain the same <Baum-> element. [Brechenmacher s.nn. <Baumjohann>, <Baumkircher>, <Baumhar(d)t>.  Clearly <Gabriel Baumer> is possible at least by around 1500 (and in
fact later as well).

Device Commentary

Cnut - Per pale vert and sable, a praying mantis statant erect guardant and in chief two trees blasted Or
Clear

NAME AND DEVICE TO LAUREL

42) Gleann Iaruinn, Canton of -- Device Resubmission-- Per chevron inverted argent and gules, in chief a blast furnace sable flamed gules and in base a laurel wreath argent.
(Ashland, KY)
(Branch name reg'd Jul '99)

(Esct. Note: This started out as a new submission but in doing research, this is actually a resubmission. )

Per chevron inverted gules and sable, a chevron inverted between two laurel wreaths Or was returned for "No petition of support was included with this submission."

Petition is included.

Device Commentary

A&M - This does look like the pictures I've been able to find of a blast furnace (tower tapering slightly inward). The Rockley Blast Furnace appears to be of a similar height, but was not built until 1698-1704  http://www.topforge.co.uk/Other%20Prop.htm The pictures I've found of blast furnaces in the US appear to be significantly taller,
http://www.apa.state.ny.us/Press/OSI_Tahawus.htm  or http://www.davistownmuseum.org/InfoBlastFurnaceKilns.html

From the Encyclopaedia Britannica Online article, "Blast Furnace" "In Europe, the blast furnace developed gradually over the centuries from small furnaces operated by the Romans, in which charcoal was used for reducing ore to a semisolid mass of iron containing a relatively small amount of carbon and slag. The iron mass was then hammered to remove the slag, yielding wrought iron. Increases in the height of the furnace, coupled with mechanical bellows for introducing greater amounts of air into it, allowed the higher temperatures needed to produce a high-carbon iron known as cast, or pig, iron. This mode of production was used in central Europe by the mid-14th century and was introduced into England about 1500. Charcoal was the only furnace fuel until the 17th century, when the depletion of forests that provided the charcoal in England led to experiments with coke, which is produced from coal. Coke had been widely adopted for use in blast furnaces by the mid-18th century, and the principle of heating air before it entered the furnace was introduced in the early 19th century."

In summary, it is unclear whether this is a period style of blast furnace.  If not, perhaps it could simply be described as a tower.

Cnut - This would be the first registration of a blast furnace.  It needs to be documented.

Talan - This seems to be the first registration of a blast furnace, at least under that name; if that's the case, they will need to provide documentation that the artifact is period in this form.

'Enflamed' and 'flammant' are preferable to 'flamed'.

DEVICE RETURNED. WE COULD NOT FIND EVIDENCE THAT A BLAST FURNACE IS A PERIOD ARTIFACT.

43) *Gwenhwyvar de Valle Crucis (F) -- New Name
(Cleftlands)

Client will accept all changes and cares for 13th C. Welsh.

[Gwenhwyvar] -- St. Gabriel reports #1748 and #2263 (http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi?1748): ". . .<Gwenhwyfar>, which was a perfectly ordinary name in medieval Wales.  It was also spelled <Guenhwyvar> and <Gwenhwyvar> in 13th and 14th century Welsh sources [1, 2]. . . .The sources are Bromwich, Rachel, _The Welsh Triads_ (University of Wales Press, 1978), p.380ff and Morgan & Morgan s.n. Gwenhwyfar" (http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi?2263): "The name does occur in 12th-14th century Welsh literature, though, where it is spelled <Guenhuyvar> [4], <Gwenhuyvar>, and <Gwenhwyvar> [5]. . . . The sources are the same Welsh triads cited above and _The Mabinogion_, trans. Gwyn Jones & Thomas Jones."

[de Valle Crucis] -- "Wales at the Time of the Treaty of Montgomery in 1267," by John Garnons Williams (http://www.gwp.enta.net/walhist.html) cites "VALLE CRUCIS ABBEY (Clw) Valle Crucis (see footnote). Meaning: LATIN "valley of the cross". The Abbey was founded in 1201" and can be linked from the "Welsh, Cornish, and Breton Names," page on St. Gabriel (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/pceltic.shtml)

Name Commentary

Talan – The footnote implies that the form <Valle Crucis> isn't actually attested in a 13th century source but is 'consistent with 13th and 14th century spellings'.  The documentation seems adequate to establish <Gwenhwyvar de Valle Crucis> as at least a possible 13th or 14th century documentary form.

NAME FORWARDED TO LAUREL

44) Gwenllian Tarianlas -- New Name and Device -- Argent, a tree blasted issuant from base, in base on a mount vert a decrescent and increscent interlaced argent.
(Cleftlands)

Client will accept all changes and cares Welsh, time period unknown.

REBLAZON: Argent, a tree blasted issuant from a mount vert charged with a decrescent and an increscent interlaced in fess argent.

[Gwenllian] -- "Welsh Personal Names," by Heini Gruffudd, p. 49, under the header Gwen, one of Brychen's daughter, 5th century.

[Tarianlas] -- "A Welsh Miscellany," by Heather Rose Jones, p. 33 meaning 'green shield'.

Name Commentary

Talan - <Gwenllian> is the modern standard spelling, while the byname 'green-shield' pretty clearly implies a medieval setting, so it's worth noting that this spelling is found as early as the late 13th century:
<http://www.s-gabriel.org/2802>
<http://www.s-gabriel.org/2369>

> [Tarianlas] -- "A Welsh Miscellany," by Heather Rose Jones, p. 33 meaning 'green shield'.

It's worth noting that the bearer of this sobriquet is a legendary (and almost certainly imaginary) Brutus, a supposed descendant of the Greek Æneas eight generations removed. [P.C Bartrum, ed., Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, (Cardiff: Univ. of Wales Press, 1966); ABT 28.]  I have no idea how plausible it is in a real historical context; certainly the Welsh bynames that I've seen have been much more prosaic.

Note that the byname must be mutated (lenited) when used by a woman. [Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn (Heather Rose Jones), 'A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names', at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/welsh13.html>.] The relevant mutation of <T> is <D>, so the byname should be
<Darianlas>. [John T. Bowen & T.J. Rhys Jones, Teach Yourself Welsh (London: The English Universities Press Ltd, 1960); Appendix 8.]

Whether the byname is actually acceptable is probably a matter for the CoA as a whole; if it is, it still has to be put into the grammatically correct mutated form, so I'd send it up as <Gwenllian Darianlas>.

Device Commentary

Cnut - Argent, a tree blasted issuant from a mount vert charged with a decrescent and an increscent interlaced argent

Talan - The tree isn't issuant from base, but rather from the mount.

Argent, a tree blasted issuant from a mount vert charged with a decrescent and an increscent interlaced in fess argent.

NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

45) Hálfdan Galinn (M) -- New Name and Device -- Quarterly vert and argent, a squirrel and on a bordure sable eight pheons argent.
(Branken Delve)

Client will accept all changes and cares for Norse 10-11th C.

[Hálfdan] -- Geirr Bassi, "Old Norse Names," p. 11

[Galinn] -- Geirr Bassi, "Old Norse Names," p 21, means - mad, enchanted, insane

(Esct. Note: The {G} in Galinn is capitalized on the form.)

Name Commentary

Talan – <Hálfdan> is the Old West Scandinavian (Old Norwegian and Old Icelandic) form of <Halfdan>, a name of Old Danish origin.  It appears in the Norwegian royal lines in the early Viking period but is then almost completely absent in both Norway and Iceland until the 13th century, when it becomes moderately common.  Old East Scandinavian <Halfdan> seems to have been much more common during the Viking period as a whole. [John Insley, Scandinavian Personal Names in Norfolk: A Survey Based on Medieval Records and Place-Names, Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi 62, Uppsala, 1995, s.n. <Hálfdan>.]

The byname <galinn> is noted for a West Scandinavian who died in 1198, another who died in 1214 and was Swedish on his father's side, another who died in 1246, and a Swede who was recorded in 1274. [E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Personbinamn från Medeltiden, Uppsala, 1920-1; s.v. <Galinn>.]

The name is excellent for the 13th century.  It is less good for the 10th and 11th centuries: while the forename can be justified as Old East Scandinavian, we have no attestations of the byname that early.  On the other hand, there's no reason to think that it couldn't have been used, and the name is certainly registerable as <Hálfdan galinn>.

Device Commentary

Talan - Quarterly vert and argent, a squirrel sable within a bordure sable semy of pheons argent.

NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.

46) Hattori Tsukime -- New Name and Device -- Or, a butterfly volant, wings addorsed gules
(Illiton)

Client will accept all changes and cares for 12th C. Japanese. Do *not* register possessive particle <no> as per client request.

[Hattori] -- Uji "Name Construction in Medieval Japan," by Solveig Throndardottir, p. 391

(no) – possessive particle <no> not written

[Tsukime] -- female given name with old form <me> ending (1147) "Name Construction in Medieval Japan," by Solveig Throndardottir, p 387.

Name construction of female nobility during Heian period follows <uji> (no) <theme> [<me> <ko>] format. See "Name Construction in Medieval Japan," by Solveig Throndardottir.

(Esct. Note: Documentation was provided for the butterfly charge from "Hashimot, Hiroshi, comp." Since all the documentation is in Japanese, I can't read it, I'm sure one of the commenters can clarify this.)

Name Commentary

Talan – > Name construction of female nobility during Heian period follows <uji> (no) <theme> [<me> <ko>] format. See "Name Construction in Medieval Japan," by >Solveig Throndardottir.

This information does not seem to be available in one place in Solveig's book, but it can be synthesized from information on pp. 4, 7-8, and 46-51.

Device Commentary

Talan - There are several period mon that feature a butterfly in profile, wings addorsed, but they're much more stylized than this one, according to the pictures in W.M. Hawley & Kei Kaneda Chappelear, Mon: The Japanese Family Crest (Hollywood: W.M. Hawley, 1976), p. 55.  Two examples from grave markers, probably modern, can be seen in the first and last pictures at <http://ww1.tiki.ne.jp/~chigusaya/chou.htm>. Another example can be seen at <http://www.hotweb.or.jp/kimono/kamon-doubutu.html>, second mon from the bottom.

Hawley & Chappelear say that the butterfly was the most widely used of any motif from the animal kingdom.  They mention that the mon of a butterfly in profile, wings addorsed, was granted to the Ikeda family by Oda Nobunaga, and according to Solveig (p. 21) he was assassinated in 1582, so it's even a period mon.

NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

47) Henry Kersey of Devon (M) -- Name Change from "Erling Herjolsson " and New Device -- Vert, in saltire a pair of shears bendwise inverted Or and a needle bendwise sinister inverted argent threaded within a bordure dovetailed Or.
(Cynnabar)
(Erling Herjolfsson was reg'd Feb '91 in the East.)

Client will *not* accept major changes and wishes to have his old name "Erling Herjolsson" and his device (Vert, a drinking horn palewise and a bordure dovetailed Or) released. He is *not* requesting increased authenticity but is interested in 16th C. English culture.

REBLAZON: Vert, in saltire a pair of shears bendwise inverted or surmounted by a needle bendwise sinister inverted argent threaded within a bordure dovetailed or.

[Henry] -- Withycombe, "Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," p. 149 s.n. Henry 13th C. and onward.

[Kersey] -- Reaney and Wilson, "Dic. of Eng. Surnames," p. 263 s.n. Kersey [de Kersey] 1325, Bardsley, "A Dic. of Eng. and Welsh Surnames," p. 446, s.n. Kersey, [de Kersy] -- Edw. III, 1327; [John Kersey] 1715

[Devon] -- Ekwall, p. 137 s.n. Devon. No date was given.

Name Commentary

Talan – Ekwall gives lots of dates, but they're for much earlier (pre-Conquest, in fact) forms of the name.  Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Devon> have <Adam de Devoun> 1275.  This byname is extremely rare, and this is in fact the only instance that I've found so far.  When the shire's name was used as a place-name, it was usually used in the full form corresponding to modern <Devonshire>; e.g., Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Devonshire> have <de Devenschyre> 1288, <de Deveneshire> 1339, and <Devenschyr> 1420, and Bardsley s.n. <Devonshire> has <Devonshier> 1582.  Even more common was the ethnic designator <Devenish> 'of or from Devonshire; person from Devonshire', which occurs in a variety of spellings.  Still, I imagine that <of Devon> is probably at least a possible vernacular spelling at some point in the 13th or 14th century, so the name is probably okay as submitted.  (It's a good thing that he isn't fussy about authenticity for the 16th century, though, because names of the form '<forename> <surname> of <place>' are already rare in England by the middle of the 15th century.)

Device Commentary

Talan - Vert, in saltire a pair of shears bendwise inverted or surmounted by a needle bendwise sinister inverted argent threaded within a bordure dovetailed or.

Cnut – Vert, a pair of shears bendwise inverted Or and overall a needle bendwise sinister inverted argent threaded within a bordure dovetailed Or

These shears aren't a long skinny charge that that can easily take an "in saltire" arrangement.  The amount of overlap isn't small.
Clear

NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL.

48) Iamys M'Thamais (M) -- New Name and Device -- Vert, a wolf rampant contourny and on a chief Or, three thistles slipped and leaved proper.
(Dragonsvale)

Client will *not* accept major changes and cares about sound.

[Iamys] -- "13th and 14th Cen. Scottish Given Names," by Symon Freser of Lovat, occurs two times in data

[M'Thamais] -- Black, "Surnames of Scotland," s.n. Mactavish p. 566, this spelling dated to 1355.

Name Commentary

Talan – The elements are individually acceptable, but the name as a whole makes no sense.  The full citation for the surname is <Doncan M'Thamais>, which is only very slightly Anglicized from a Gaelic original: a normal Anglicization, representing the pronunciation using Scots spelling conventions instead of the Gaelic spelling conventions seen in <Thamais>, would have looked something like <M'Tawisch>.  (The Gaelic <m> in <Thamais> actually represent a \w\ or \v\ sound, and the <is> represents something close to an \sh\ sound.)  The point is that a spelling like <M'Thamais> can arise only in a Gaelic context, even though it isn't a classically correct Gaelic spelling (though it almost is: the correct Gaelic would be <mac Thamais>).  <Iamys>, on the other hand, is a purely Scots name that would arise only in a Scots context, not a Gaelic one.

I suspect that this combination is registerable under current CoA policies, but if he's looking for an authentic name, this isn't it.

NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

49) *Juan Diego de Belmonte -- New Device -- Argent chapé gules, a scorpion inverted sable.
(Belmont, MI)
(Name is in the Jul '05 ILOI)

REBLAZON: Per chevron throughout gules and argent, a scorpion inverted sable

Device Commentary

Cnut - Per chevron throughout gules and argent, a scorpion inverted sable

DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

50) Kendrick the Tinker (M) -- New Name
(St. Carol on the Moor)

Client cares for Gyspy/English (early 16th C.)

[Kenrick] -- Withycombe, "Dic. of Eng. Christian Names," p. 188 " The name was fairly common in the Middle Ages . . . The christian name survived into the 17th C."

[the Tinker] -- Bardsley, "A Dic. of Eng. and Welsh Surnames," p. 753, s.n. Tinker [Peter le Teneker] 1273. [John Tynker] 1574.
(http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tinker) "Online Etymology Dic." s.n. <tinker> - "Mender of kettles, pots, pans, etc.," 1252 (as a surname),. . ."

Name Commentary

Talan - > " The name was fairly common in the Middle Ages . . .

This is a bit misleading, as she's talking about the name <Kenrick>.  Her citations are <Chenric> 1086, <Kenric(us)> 1086, <Kenwrec> 1161, <Kenewrec> 1161, <Kendrick> 1602, and <Kenrick> 1613.  The 1602 citation is taken from Bardsley s.n. <Kendrick> and also appears in Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Kenrick>; it's a will, so the man was doubtless living in the 16th century.  The earliest instance of <Kendrick> that I've found so far is a 1593 surname, also noted in both Bardsley and Reaney & Wilson.  However, it's not unlikely that it occurs somewhat earlier: the same phenomenon -- epenthetic <d> inserted between <n> and <r> -- is found in <Hendrie Ralstoun> 1519 (Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Hendrie>) and <Hendry Anderson> 1562 (Bardsley s.n. <Hendry>).  Thus, <Kendrick> should be okay, but the submitted documentation is not.

The on-line OED s.v. <tinker> dates the modern spelling to the 16th century, though it appears from the citations that it was not particularly common until a bit later; <Tynker> seems to be rather more common, especially in the early 16^th century.

By the 16th century the overwhelming majority of Englishmen had fixed, hereditary surnames in pretty much the modern style; I don't actually know of a counterexample.  <Kendrick Tynker> would be fine, and <Kendrick Tinker> is certainly acceptable; it's not clear that <Kendrick the Tinker> can be justified in the 16th century, and <Kendrick> would be hard to justify much earlier.  On the other hand, a disreputable, low-class fellow like a tinker is more likely to lack a real surname than a more respectable citizen.  I'd send this up with reservations, explicitly pointing out the difficulty with a byname like <the Tinker> at this late date.

THE CLIENT HAS SENT AN EMAIL STATING HE WILL ACCEPT MAJOR CHANGES. A COPY OF THE EMAIL HAS BEEN FORWARDED TO LAUREL. NAME PASSED TO LAUREL WITH TALAN’S COMMENTS.

51) {TH}ririkr húslangr -- New Name and Device -- Argent, a chevron purpure between two bear prints and a bear rampant sable within a bordure gules
(Red Spears)

Client will accept all changes and cares for sound.

[{TH}ririkr] -- found in E.H. Lind: Norsk-Isländsk-Dopnamn, col. 1224, s.n. Þrýðíkr, in the genitive spelling Þririks on an early 11th C. runestone.

[húslangr] -- byname meaning "longhall-builder" on p. 23 of Geirr Bassi Haraldsson: "The Old Norse Name."

Name Commentary

Talan – Rundata (Samnordisk Runtextdatabas, <http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm>, signa N 68, Sö 163, and Sö 211) dates this inscription a little more closely, to ca.1025-1050, and dates two inscriptions in the nominative, <þruRikr> and <þ[ur]RikR>, to the Viking age without closer specification.  The <þririks> inscription is from Norway.

> [húslangr] -- byname meaning "longhall-builder" on p. 23 of Geirr Bassi Haraldsson: "The Old Norse Name."

It doesn't really mean 'longhall-builder'; it's simply a compound, 'house-long'.  According to Landnámabók, Biarni Skegg-Brodda son, who lived in the 11th century, went to Norway and brought back the wood to build a hall 20 fathoms long and 14 ells wide, and on this account he was called <húslangr> 'house-long'.  (Recall that wood has always been very scarce in Iceland.) [E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Personbinamn från Medeltiden, Uppsala, 1920-1; s.v. <Húslangr>.  Einar Arnórsson, ed., Landnámabók Íslands, Reykjavík, 1948, p. 314.]

It would be better if the forename were attested from Iceland, where, owing to the extreme shortage of wood, such an edifice would have been most noteworthy, but the name elements are a good temporal fit, and I see no bar to registration of <Þririkr húslangr>.  (<Þririkr> is indeed the nominative corresponding to runic genitive <þririks>,
though a careful writer would probably have written <Þrýríkr>.)

NAME AND DEVICE FORWARDED TO LAUREL

At your service,

Phebe Bonadeci

Rouge Scarpe