This is the December 2004 Middle Kingdom Letter of Acceptances and Returns for Escutcheon’s October 2004 Letter of Intent.

Unless otherwise noted, all clients will accept changes. Comments in braces {} were removed from the Letter of Intent sent to Laurel and the College of Arms. Names, devices, or badges in braces have been returned or pended. Commentary, rulings, etc. by Rouge Scarpe are placed in small cap print. Thanks to Knut, Caitriona mac Dhonnachaidh, Mikhail and AElfreda (A&M), Master John ap Wynne, Ary, and Master Talan Gwynek for this month’s commentary.

#1) Aédán mac Cáeláin uí Shúileabháin (M) New name and new device -- Argent, a chevron vert between three yales rampant azure spotted vert.
(Rivenvale)

Submitter notes the precedent from June 2000: "...by the precedent set in Nov 1995, the spots on a yale can be drawn or left off at the artist's discretion and thus do not generate difference." This was used (arguing that the spots are artistic license) to argue that low-contrast spots should be acceptable. We were unable to find any precedent either way, but we were also unable to find any prior case of a yale with low contrast spots.

Submitter will accept all changes except that she does not want "Aodh\'an." She desires a name authentic for 8-10th century Irish Gaelic; in particular, she asks to change uí Shúileabháin to the early period spelling if it can be found.

[Aédán]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, p 13, s.n. [Aédán], lists it as the pre-1200 spelling and notes that the name is "relatively common in early Ireland".

[mac Cáeláin]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, p 40, s.n. [Cáelán] cites 2 saints of the name. It was made into a genitive form per Woulfe, p.451, s.n. Ó Caoláin uí Shúileabháin: Woulfe, p 648-649, s.n. Ó Súileabháin notes that in 1192 the family was moved from Tipperay to Cork Kerry. It was put into remove genitive according to advice from Mari.

Name Commentary

John – Aédán: this is most commonly a male first name, and unless I’m mistaken, the clinet is female. Nevertheless, see Zaczek (p.11); O’Corrain/Maguire (pp. 13-14); Conway (p. 26); Flanagan (pp. 6-7). Norman (p.219) lists a feminine variant ‘Aodhne’ dating from the Dark Ages.

[RS Note: The client is male.]

Cáeláin: see Flanagan (p. 19)

uí Shúileabháin: see MacLysaght (p. 280); Quinn (pp. 171-172); Grehan (pp. 312-313); Grenham (p. 171).

The genitive lenition is correct.

Talan - Is 'she' here a typo, or does does the submitter simply want a masculine name? (It doesn't matter either way, except that it's nice to have the right pronoun.) [See RS Comment above]

> [Aédán]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, p 13, s.n. [Aédán],

The name is <Áedán>, not <Aédán>.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's 'Index of Names in Irish Annals' at

<http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/> notes instance of the name associated with years ranging from 505 to 949.

> [mac Cáeáin]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, p 40, s.n. > [Cáelán]

The header here should be <mac Cáeláin>. Mari's Annals index shows no instances of <Cáelán> or of any name that could be the source of modern <Ó Súileabháin>.

The index to O'Brien's _Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae_ shows two instances of a name that he normalizes <Súildubán>; this is an older spelling of the <Súil-dubhán> given by Woulfe to explain the origin of the surname. Woulfe (XVII) says that the eponymous ancestor of the O'Sullivans of Desmond is supposed to have flourished around 950 CE; he appears to be O'Brien's Súildubán m. Máel-augrai m. Echthigirn, who is eight generations later than the Fíngin m. Áeda who died in 619 (OCM s.n. <Fíngin>). (By my reckoning this would probably put him in the 9th century rather than the 10th.)

O'Brien's index shows one instance of <Cáelán>, for which however he uses the alternative normalization <Cóelán>; the person appears as <Cóelán m. Libir m. Dallíni m. Énnae m. Láegaire m. Néill>, where the Niall at the head of the line is Niall Noígiallaig ('of the Nine Hostages'), who is supposed to have lived ca. 400 CE.

The Dictionary of the Irish Language (DIL) s.v. <úa> says that clan names of the type <Ua X> (where <Ua> is an older form of modern <Ó>) started to be used in the 10th century. It gives a variety of forms for the Old Irish genitive singular, but <hui> seems to be the most common. S.v. <mac(c)> it notes that the form <macc> is usual in Old Irish on the relatively rare occasions when the word is not abbreviated.

To sum up, <Áedán macc Cáeláin hui Súildubáin> is a grammatically correct Old Irish name, and we have at least some evidence for both <Áedán> and <Súildubán> in the tenth century. Clan names of the <Ua X> type also go back that far, though <Ua Súildubáin> is unlikely to have been formed until at least the 11th century, if the eponymous ancestor was living ca.950. We don't, unfortunately, have evidence of <Cáelán> ~ <Cóelán> anywhere near that late.

Device Commentary

Knut - Because maintained charges aren't worth difference, they are allowed to violate contrast rules as long as some contrast exists. This is definitely a Wreath decision. Clear

Catriona - The low contrast between the fur and the spots is really challenging to look at for long.  I think the submitter would be better served by either providing the yale some spots of a higher contrast tincture... (certainly a spotted Yale is proud of its spots and being such a fierce beastie would be easily seen!)  Or perhaps, the yale should go unspotted.  

Evenso, there are several examples of a component of a charge being a second color or metal on a charge.  Would spots be considered any differently than, say low contrast eyes, arms, tongue, etc?  There are several older registrations where X argent, orbed OR or X sable, langued gules, etc.  Of the yales I found registered, most were argent, spotted gules. 

Example of color/color or metal/metal detail components to charges, albeit, they are older:
Avar the Boneless
*    The following badge associated with this name was registered in June of 1972
Sable a viper's head couped  azure , orbed gules for Corsair Jacqueline des Champs Verts
*    The following device associated with this name was registered in August of 1979 (via the East) Vert upon an open book argent bound and edged Or,a watchtower on  a chief a cat couchant guardant  sable orbed vert .

Ary - No conflicts found with the device.

Talan - > Submitter notes the precedent from June 2000: "...by the precedent set ….. but we were also unable to find any prior case of a yale with low contrast spots.

Although they don't happen to be on yales, low-contrast spots have been registered at least three times in the last ten years, including twice since 2000:

Greer Jonsdottir's arms, registered 2/95 (Atlantia): Argent, a frog rampant vert spotted sable, a bordure embattled vert.
Morgan Skeene's arms, registered 9/01 (Calontir): Or, a ladybug gules spotted and a bordure sable.
Phaedra filia Roberti's arms, registered 7/03 (Calontir): Argent semy of ladybugs gules spotted sable, a bordure gules.

There are also several panthers spotted of diverse tinctures.

Name will be changed to Áedán macc Cáeláin hui Súildubáin and passed to Laurel.

Device passed to laurel

#2) Aédán mac Cáeláin uí Shúileabháin (M) New badge -- (Fieldless) A yale rampant azure spotted vert
(Rivenvale)

See note on prior entry for the issue about the low contrast spots.

Commentary

Ary - This is clear of Dragonship Haven, Barony of (reg. 03/1990 via the East), "(Fieldless) A yale rampant to sinister azure, platy," for the Order of the Yale, with one CD for fieldlessness, and one for the orientation of the yale. I found nothing else close.

Passed to Laurel

#3) Ailleann ingen Roibeáird mhic Conchobhair (F) New name
(Rivenvale)

The submitter wishes an authentic 8th-10th century Irish Gaelic name. The submitter cares most about the sound of the first name and the meaning "daughter of Robert" for the first byname.

[Ailleann]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, s.n. [Ailleann], dates the name to 943.

[Roibeáird] The name is the genitive form of [Roibeárd], which is a header form Woulfe and lists it as "one of the commonest names among the early Anglo-Norman settlers in Ireland

[Conchobhair]: Woulfe, s.n. Conchobhar, lists it as "an ancient and very common Irish name". This is the genitive form.

ingen is the pre-1200 form of "daughter" and mhic is the genitive form of "son". The name overall means "Ailleann the daughter of Roibeárd mac Conchobhair."

Commentary

John – Ailleann: see O’Corrain/Maguire, client’s selection is one of few places I find this name.

Roibeáird: obviously post-Norman invasion, see Conway (p. 55 under ‘Roibhlin’ – several variants, all acceptable); Norman (p. 299) lists ‘Roibeaird’ as prominent in Ireland between 1170-1536.

Conchobhair: see O’Corrain/Maguire (p. 57); Flanagan (pp. 32-33); Zaczek (p. 26); Conway (p. 34); Norman (p. 221); lists this as prominent in Ireland between Dark Ages-1175.

Talan – > [Ailleann]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, s.n. [Ailleann], dates the name to 943.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's 'Index of Names in Irish Annals' at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/> has one instance of the name, for a person who died in 1190 or 1191.

> [Roibeáird] The name is the genitive form of [Roibeárd],

The name is a borrowing of the Continental name <Robert>; it did not reach Ireland until after the 10th century. (The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland took place about 1170.) There is no way that she can both be 'daughter of Robert' and have an 8th-10th century Irish name. Perhaps she would consider the unrelated native Irish name <Robartach>, which was borne by an abbot who died in 836 and an anchorite who died in 1007 (Ó Corráin & Maguire s.n. <Robartach>; the Old Irish patronymic from it would be <ingen Robartaig>. Mari's Annals index has two instances of the name, from 872 and 1136, so it would fit the submitter's desired period.

Note that even if the name that was to become <Robert> had somehow made it to Ireland by the 10th century, it would have had a somewhat different form. The first element of the name is from Proto-Germanic *<hrôti-> 'fame' (cf. the Old High German form, <Hrodebert>), and through the 10th century the name generally retains a dental consonant, <t> or <d>, before the <b>; the single most common (Latinized) form seems to be <Rotbertus> (Morlet I:136a).

Curiously, Mari's Annals index has no instances of the name.

> [Conchobhair]: Woulfe, s.n. Conchobhar, lists it as "an Mari's Annals index shows instances of the name associated with years ranging from 706 to 1603. The Old Irish spelling is <Conchobar>, lenited genitive <Chonchobair>.

> ingen is the pre-1200 form of "daughter" and mhic is the genitive form of "son". The name overall means "Ailleann the daughter of Roibeárd mac Conchobhair."

The Dictionary of the Irish Language (DIL) s.v. <mac(c)> shows <meicc> is the usual Old and early Middle Irish form of the genitive of <mac(c)> 'son', so the 'grandpatronymic' is properly <meicc Chonchobair> for her period.

However, if being the daughter of Robert takes precedence over being from the 8th-10th century, then the name should be possible in some form. In particular, the available data are consistent with at least some reasonable possibility of a 13th century Ailleann, daughter of a fairly early Hiberno-Norman Robert son of Conchobhar. We still don't know what a likely form of <Robert> would be for that period, but the modern <Roibeárd> and <Roibeárt> and probably at least in the right ballpark. I'd be inclined to go with <Roibeárt> as being more obviously similar to the contemporary English forms from which it was borrowed. Finally, note that <Conchobhair> needs to be lenited here, so the name is <Ailleann inghean Roibeáirt mhic Chonchobhair>.

Name will be change to Ailleann inghean Roibeáird mhic Conchobhair and passed to Laurel. Since the client documents Roibeárd as a header in Woulfe (and I do not have a copy of Woulfe) this seems feasible and what the client’s wishes.

#4) Áine ingen Bharddáin (F) New name and new device -- Per pale gules and argent, a lion passant counterchanged
(Brendoken)

The submitter would like the name made authentic for pre 10th c. Irish and requesting that changes be made as necessary to the surname for the genitive case.

[Áine]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, pg. 19, s.n. [Áine], states "as a male name Áine occurred among the Ciarraige and other peoples but it became obsolete at a very early period. However, it retains its popularity as a female name." They also mention a saint by this name.

ingen: "daughter of"; early Irish patronymic marker for female names

[Bharddáin]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, pg. 29, s.n. Barddán, notes the name as "not very common in the early period." The partronymic was formed using the rules in the article "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names," changing the name to the gentive case and leniting it.

Name Commentary

John – Áine: see Norman (p. 219) –prominent in Ireland from Dark Ages-1175; Conway (p. 4); O’Corrain/Maguire (pp. 19-20); Flanagan (pp. 8-9); Todd (pp. 13, 14);

Bharddáin: see MacLysaght (pp. 112-113 under ‘Bardon’); dates only to 1659; Bell (p. 13 under ‘Baird’) takes it back to 13^th century with this variant; see also Quinn (p. 40) lists also ‘Mac a’bhaird’.

Talan - > [Áine]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, pg. 19, s.n. [Áine], …..

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's 'Index of Names in Irish Annals' at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/> has citations for <Áine> associated with dates ranging from 1169 to 1468. The index to O'Brien's _Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae_ has one female <Áine>, from the very early legendary period.

> ingen: "daughter of"; early Irish patronymic marker for female names

No, <ingen> is simply 'daughter'; the 'of' is expressed by putting the father's name into the genitive case.

> [Bharddáin]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, pg. 29, s.n. ……..

Typos: patronymic, genitive case

Mari's Annals index has no instances of the name. OCM note that while the name was rare, it did give rise to the surname <Ó Bardáin>. As I read the article, they imply that the name, though rare even then, was used only in the early period. Thus, there may be a bit of a mismatch between the forename and the patronymic, though under current rules this would not prevent registration. Note, however, that lenition of <b> is not indicated in the pre-1200 standard spelling, so this should be <Áine ingen Barddáin>.

Device Commentary

Knut - Artan macAilín - July of 1998 (via the Outlands):

(Fieldless) A lion rampant per pale argent and gules, crowned with a ducal coronet Or.

CD fieldless, CD posture

Clear

Ary - I found no conflicts with the device or the name.

Surname changed to Barddáin and name passed to Laurel

Device passed to Laurel (Nice device!)

# 5) Áine ingen Bharddáin (F) New badge -- (Fieldless) A lion passant per pale argent and gules
(Brendoken)

Commentary

Knut - Artan macAilín - July of 1998 (via the Outlands):

(Fieldless) A lion rampant per pale argent and gules, crowned with a ducal coronet Or.

CD fieldless, CD posture

Clear

Ary - I found no conflicts with the badge.

Passed to Laurel

# 6) Anastasia inghean Súileabhain (F) New name and new device -- Vert, a dragonfly within a mascle throughout argent
(Mugmort)

The submitter will allow any changes to the name. She would prefer the form "Anasta_c_ia" if it could be found.

[Anastacia]: Withycombe, s.n. Anastacia, lists this spelling in 1219-1220.

inghean: the post 1200 Gaelic feminine patronymic marker

[Súileabhain]: Woulfe, s.n. Ó Súileabhain, notes a family of this name in 1197.

Name Commentary

John – Anastasia: this isn’t really a Celtic first name, which is not to say that there wasn’t somebody in late period who might have used it; but the client’s source of Withycombe is unacceptable.

Súileabhain: see my notes for submission #1 above.

Ary - The byname is incorrect. The feminine form of {O'} S{u'}ileabhain is <inghean u{i'} Sh{u'}ileabhain>. Not all clan bynames were formed from given names, and so not all clan bynames can be used as patronymics. In particular, <S{u'}ileabhain> means 'green-eyed', and is a descriptive byname. Since she allows any changes, this can be corrected to <inghean u{i'} Sh{u'}ileabhain>. The LoI is incorrect: Withycombe does NOT date the spelling <Anastacia> to 1219, 1220. It is the spelling <Anestasia> or <Anastasia> that is dated to that time.

I have found no evidence for this name in Gaelic. Barring such evidence the name is not authentic, but it is registerable with one weirdness for combining Gaelic and English in the same name.

Talan - Withycombe doesn't list the spelling <Anastacia> at all; she has <Anastasia> and <Anestasia> from those dates. Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Ansteys> have <Osegod Anastasie> 1222; here <Anastasie> is apparently the genitive of the Latin feminine <Anastasia>, so this is in all likelihood a true metronymic. As such it puts the feminine name in England ca.1200, but I've seen nothing earlier, and the name is unlikely to have reached Ireland before it reached England.

The name is impossible: <Anastasia> and <Anastacia> are not Irish and in period would not have appeared with an Irish patronymic.

However, a 300-year disparity in name elements also counts as a 'weirdness'; if it turns out that Woulfe is wrong about the date of the eponymous ancestor of the O'Sullivans (see my comments on Nr. 1, <Aédán mac Cáeláin uí Shúileabháin>, above), then we'd have no evidence that <Súildubán> (to use the oldest form) was in use as late as 900. In that case the name as submitted would have two 'weirdnesses' and would be unregisterable as submitted. The temporal 'weirdness' could be removed by changing the patronymic to the clan byname <inghean uí Shúileabháin> 'daughter of [an] O Sullivan'.

Device Commentary

Ary - I found no conflicts with the device.

The name will be changed to Anastasia inghean uí Shúileabháin, taking it to only one ‘weirdness’ and passed to Laurel

Device passed to Laurel

7) Aoki Kentarou Tadamitsu (M) New Name and Device - Azure, in a pale three triquetras each within and conjoined annulet argent
(Sternfield)

Blazon changed to: Azure, in pale three triquetras each within and conjoined to an annulet argent

He cites "Name Construction in Medieval Japan," Revised ed. by Solvieg Throndottir.

[Aoki] (family/clan) p. 159, 184, 315 c. 1568 meaning "Tree"

[Kentarou] (zokumyou), p. 211, meaning "first son"

[Tadamitsu] (nanori) p. 181, 300, 357, c. 1183 meaning "bright/shining; faith/loyalty."

According to Solvieg Throndottir's "Japanese Formal Masculine Given Names," (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/solveig/nanori/) "A nanori is a given name. Members of the noble class in period Japan used three-part names, consisting of a family name, a yobina, and a nanori." The client used the term "zokumyou," I can't find a reference for it.

Name Commentary

Ary - Unless evidence can be found that this name is properly constructed, it will have to be returned. I don't know what a <zokumyou> is, and so cannot say whether this is correctly formed.

Talan - The surname <Aoki> does not mean 'tree': that is the meaning of the second kanji, <ki>. Solveig says that the first kanji, <ao>, adds the meaning 'blue/green', so that the whole is 'blue/green tree'. The date is not ca.1568, but rather sometime between 1467 and 1568, these being the dates of the Sengoku period. (In general Solveig was only able to date names to one of the Japanese historical periods rather than to a single year; the date given is normally the ending date of the period, so that one can at least say that the name was in use by such-and-so date.) Otherwise the citation is correct.

> [Kentarou] (zokumyou), p. 211, meaning "first son"

The citation is correct.

> [Tadamitsu] (nanori) p. 181, 300, 357, c. 1183 meaning "bright/shining; faith/loyalty."

<Tada> is 'faithful/loyal', and <mitsu> is 'bright/shining', and the name is dated to the Hei'an period, 794-1184, but the citation is otherwise correct.

> According to Solvieg Throndottir's "Japanese Formal Masculine Given Names," ….. "A nanori is a given name. Members of the noble class in period Japan used three-part names, consisting of a family name, a yobina, and a nanori." The client used the term "zokumyou," I can't find a reference for it.

Like 'yobina', it refers to a common use name, as distinct from the more official nanori; it's not clear from Solveig's discussion whether 'yobina' and 'zokumyou' are exactly synonymous, but it is clear that both apply to birth order names like <Kentarou> and that both are placed between the surname and the nanori (p. 44). The structure used in this submission is correct.

Device Commentary

Knut – Reblazon: Azure, in pale three triquetras within and conjoined to annulets argent

Clear

Name passed to Laurel

Device passed to Laurel

#8) Ayla Volquin (F) New name
(Falcon's Quarry)

The submitter *will not* allow any changes.

[Ayla]: found in the article "15th-Century German Women's Names".

[Volquin]: Bahlow (English version), pg. 527, s.n. Volkwein dates Volquin in 1372.

Commentary

> [Ayla]: found in the article "15th-Century German Women's Names".The author is Brian M. Scott (Talan Gwynek); the URL is

<http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/german15f.html>.

> [Volquin]: Bahlow (English version), pg. 527, s.n. Volkwein dates Volquin in 1372.

More accurately, Bahlow notes a <Volquin Parsow> 1372; <Volquin> is the forename, not the byname. Brechenmacher s.n. <Volkw(e)in> has <Heinr. Volquin> 1363 and also has <Volquin> as a secondary headword, implying that the spelling survives as a modern surname. Thus, a 15th century <Ayla Volquin> should be just fine.

Name passed to Laurel

#9) Berengiers de Viennois (M) New name and new device -- Barry azure and argent, a dolphin haurient gules
(Flame)

The submitter will allow all changes and would like the name to be made authentic for 14th century Savoi.

[Berengiers]: The article "French/Occitan Names from the XII and XIII century lists this name as the Occitan from found in the period documents.

[de Viennois]: Morlet, _Noms de Famille_, pg. 964, s.n. Vienna, notes the name as "de localitéd'origine...Dér ethnique Viennois. I suspect this actually means that [Viennois] is the ethnic descriptive form (i.e, German vs. Germany), so the "de" may not be appropriate.

The device is clear of Ivar Hakonarson (September 2002), Barry azure and argent, two pike haurient gules. There is a CD for the number of primary charges plus a CD for type (fish to heraldic dolphin) as per the following precedent:

We grant a CD between a dolphin and a generic fish. (Deirdre of Shadowdale, September, 1992, pg. 18)

Name Commentary

Talan - > The submitter will allow all changes and would like the name to be made authentic for 14th century Savoi.The usual English spelling is Savoy.

> [Beregiers]:

Typo: Berengiers

> The article "French/Occitan Names from the XII and XIII century lists this name as the Occitan from found in the period documents.

The article is apparently 'French/Occitan Names from the XII and XIII Century', Ramons lo Montalbes, at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ramon/occitan/>. The documentation is a little early for his desired period, so let's see what we can find.

Harry Jacobsson's doctoral thesis, 'Études d'anthroponymie Lorraine les bans de tréfonds de Metz (1267-1298)' (Göteborg: Gumperts Förlag, 1955), p.198f, discusses the name, but the only really useful information in connection with this submission is that it was still quite popular in Provence around 1350. He also reports a citation <Brenguier> ca.1350 from Provence, but he does not indicate whether it is typical or unusual in form; I suspect the latter.

Juliana de Luna's article 'Occitan Townspeople in the 14th Century' at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/occitan/> has <Berengar> and <Brenguier>. The author notes that her source used normalized Occitan forms of most names -- this would include <Berengar> -- but kept a few, including the unusual spelling <Brenguier>. This, she thinks, is probably a scribal error for <Berenguier>; however, Dauzat s.n. <Béranger> says that <Brenguier> is a Southern form that still survives as a surname, so there is no need to suppose a scribal error.

Finally, Savoy is in the Franco-Provençal dialect region, a triangular region extending roughly from Roanne in the west into Italy and Switzerland in the east; the dialects of this region are in many respects intermediate between French and Occitan and have been described as basically Occitan dialects that were heavily influenced atan early date by the French dialects to the north. (Henriette Walter, _French Inside Out_, trans. Peter Fawcett (New York: Routledge, 1994), p.103f.) It would not, I think, be surprising to find both French and Occitan forms of the name. However, I would not expect to find the Old French nominative singular ending <-s> as late as the 14th century: by then the Old French inflectional system had broken down, and in general the old nominative had given way to the old objective without <-s> (M.K. Pope, _From Latin to Modern French_ (Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1952), Section 608). This collapse occurred about a century earlier in Occitan (Henry Mendeloff, _A Manual of Comparative Romance Linguistics_ (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, Inc., 1969), p.33), so it should be pretty safe to assume that the Franco-Provençal dialects were no more immune.

Our only safely attested 14th century form from anywhere near Savoy seems to be <Brenguier>, and his preferences license us to substitute it for <Berengiers>. It would be nice to be able to substitute a form a bit closer to the one that was submitted, and I have no doubt that such forms were in use, but I have no concrete evidence for them. The existence of <Brenguier> does, however, suggest <Berenguier> as a good possibility.

> [de Viennois]: Morlet, _Noms de Famille_, pg. 964, s.n. Vienna, notes the name as "de localité d'origine...Dér ethnique Viennois. I suspect this actually means that [Viennois] is the ethnic descriptive form (i.e, German vs. Germany), so the "de" may not be appropriate.

The suspicion is correct: <Viennois> means '(male) inhabitant of Vienne'. <Vienne> is both the French name of Vienna and the name of a French city about 30 miles south of Lyon (and therefore just a little to the west of Savoy); the surname is doubtless from the French city. I suspect that the headword in Morlet is actually <Vienne>, not <Vienna>, but lacking a copy of Morlet, I can't check. <Viennois> is definitely a French form, from an earlier <Vienneis>; I don't know whether the normal Savoyard form would have been any different.

<Berenguier Viennois> is probably at worst an official French form of a reasonable 14th century Savoyard name; on the basis of very limited data it seems possible that <Brenguier Viennois> is at least a bit more authentic, or at least a bit more characteristic. Either should be registerable; the only question is which better meets his requirements. I think that if I couldn't check with the submitter, I might send it up as <Brenguier> with a request for <Berenguier> or <Berengier> *if* someone can find evidence for either in 14th century Savoy or its immediate neighborhood.

Device Commentary

Knut - [A dolphin urinant contourny proper] "Conflict with... a dolphin urinant vert... There is... nothing for reversing the fish in this position, or for the difference between 'vert', and 'vert, marked gules.'" (LoAR 5/92 p.22). Precedents - Da'ud 1.2, under Fish

Alaric fitz Madoc - August of 1990 (via Atlantia): Barry wavy azure and argent, a dolphin haurient to sinister gules.

CD field lines. Although the precedent above implies no CD for facing in a palewise fish, this submission has a definite dexter facing. I would argue that the typical embowing of a heraldic dolphin and the prominent dorsal fins mean that there can be a CD for facing between properly drawn heraldic dolphins. Compently executed heraldic art should be encouraged.

Pass this up.

Ary - This is clear of Alaric fitz Madoc (reg. 08/1990 via Atlantia), "Barry wavy azure and argent, a dolphin haurient to sinister gules," with one CD for the line of division in the field, and one for the orientation of the dolphin.

Name – Even though the client indicated he was most interested in 14^th century Savoy, his documentation was for the desired given name that he wants. I am assuming, therefore, that regardless of what he wrote as a century preference that his real preference is for the name Berengiers. I am passing this name to Laurel as is.

Device passed to Laurel

#10) {Brenda of Rivenvale (F) New name and new device -- Azure, a wolf's head erased between three maple leaves argent}
(Rivenvale)

[Brenda]: Withycombe, s.n. [Brenda], notes that the name was used in England until the 12th century.

[Rivenvale]: A branch in the Midrealm; the name was registered in October 2002.

Against George of Glen Laurie, Azure, a St. Bernard dog's head couped at the neck bearing a cask at its neck, all proper, I was able to check the original emblazon (since the scanned archive was at Herald's Point) and George's dog is mostly brown, so there is a CD for adding the leaves and a second CD for the tincture of the primary charge.

Name Commentary

Ary - Withycombe makes no such claim about <Brenda>. The entry reads: "This is a Shetland name, possibly a f. form of the common Norse <Brand> which is still current in Iceland and was in use in England until the 12th C." This provides no evidence for <Brenda> as a period name.

It does not show up in my Shetland names from 1601-02.

The most recent registration of <Brenda> (in <Brenda MacGhie of Kintyre>, 03/2001 Atenveldt) was via the legal name allowance. Prior to that, <Brenda Lynne> was registered (01/1996 Atenveldt) via the legal name allowance. The only registrations of <Brenda> that were NOT via the legal name allowance were <Brenda Aldritt of Liverpool> (reg. 08/1991 via the Middle) and <Brenda y Grochenyddes> (reg. 06/1984 via Ansteorra).

The Problem Names article on <Brenda> says: "Brenda originated in Shetland, possibly derived from the common Norse masculine name Brand (which itself was in use at least from the 12th century). The feminine form may also have been used at that time [2], but we have found no record of it. The modern popularity of Brenda dates from its use in the novel The Pirate by Walter Scott in 1821. The name is often associated with Brendan, but there is actually no connection [1]." [1] is Withycombe s.n. Brenda, and [2] is Dunkling & Gosling.

Without evidence for <Brenda> as a period name, this must be returned.

Talan - Absolutely not: she says that <Brenda> 'is a Shetland name, possibly a f[eminine] form of the common Norse <Brand> which is still current in Iceland and was in use in England until the 12th C.' (This is slightly inaccurate, since the Old Icelandic name was <Brandr>, and the modern Icelandic name is <Brandur>, but that's a minor point, and nothing to do with the present submission.) In other words, it's the masculine name <Brand> that she says was used in England until the 12th century. I have never seen the slightest evidence that <Brenda> is a period name; unless it's her modern name, this will have to be returned.

Device Commentary

Knut - Gile Gareth Greywolf - July of 2001 (via Atenveldt): Azure, a wolf's head erased affronty between three compass stars argent.

CD facing of head, CD type of secondaries.

Clear

Ary - This is clear of Gile Gareth Greywolf (reg. 07/2001 via Atenveldt), "Azure, a wolf's head erased affronty between three compass stars argent," with one CD for the orientation of the head and one for changing the type of secondaries.

Name returned for lack of proper documentation

Device returned with the name

#11) Bríghid inghean Chonmhaoil (F) New name and new device -- Per saltire vert and azure, four dragonflies argent
(Cleftlands)

[Brighid ]- Ó Corráin and Maguire, pg. 341, s.n. Brigit, notes this as the name of a saint. By current policy (see the September 2001 cover letter), the name is thus registerable.

[Chonmhaoil] - Woulfe, pg. 341, s.n. Mac Conmhaoil, shows [Conmhaoil] to be the genitive form. Chonmhaoil is the lenited gentive form.

Name Commentary

Talan - Note that OCM give the post-1200 spelling as <Brighid>, not <Bríghid> as apparently submitted.

OCM s.n. <Conmáel> describe this as '[a] fairly uncommon early name'; I've no evidence for its use after the early period. Thus, the name would be better in its Early Irish form, <Brigit ingen Chonmaíl>. <Brighid inghean Chonmhaoil> is orthographically consistent, but for too late a period; whether it is registerable, I can't say.

Device Commentary

Knut – Clear

Ary - I found no conflicts with the arms.

Name – since the client cares most about sound and being female, and has not indicated any particular period or century preference, I am passing this name to Laurel, as is.

Device passed to Laurel

#12) Castell Gwent, Shire of , Resubmission of name and new device -- Vert, a garb and on a chief Or three laurel wreaths vertThe former name, Shire of Caer Byrbyrd, was returned by Laurel in March, 2004 with the following comments:

Castell Gwent: Gelling, The Names of Towns and Cities in Britain (photocopies included), pg. 71, s.n. Chepstow, cites the name "Castell-gwent" as an early Welsh place name (meaning "castle in Gwent") and dates the form "castell guent" in 115- and "Kastell gwent" to 1566; the submitted form should be an acceptable interpolated variant.

This submission has multiple problems.

First, no evidence was presented that either element was dated to period. While evidence was presented of modern Welsh placenames beginning with Caer 'fort', the College looked and could find no evidence that Byrbryd (meaning 'snack' or 'luncheon') was used in period.

Second, no evidence was presented that the construction was plausible. The justification presented referred to modern English placenames and local industries, not to period Welsh placenames. To be registerable, the submitters would need to demonstrate that Byrbrid was used in Welsh placenames in period and could be reasonably combined with Caer. Barring such evidence, this name cannot be registered.

The group *will* allow all changes. They included separate petitions for the name and device.

Name Commentary

Talan - Ekwall s.n. <Chepstow> gives the citation <Castellguent> ca.1150. The name is probably fine.

Device Commentary

Knut – Clear

Ary - Nice arms! I found no conflicts.

Name passed to Laurel

Device passed to Laurel

#13) Cathal mac an Phearsoin (M) New name and new device -- Per chevron argent and sable, three bull's heads caboshed counterchanged and a chief embattled gules
(Marshes)

The submitter will allow all changes.

[Cathal]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, pg. 47, s.n Cathal, note a Cathal in the 13th century. Black, s.n. Cathal, cites the Scots form Kathil mac Murchy in 1239.

[Mac an Phearsoin]: Would, pg. 316, lists a mac an Phearsúiin and a mac an Phearsain as Irish Gaelic forms. Black, s.n Macpherson lists Mac a' Phearsoin as the modern Gaelic form and lists a Donaldus M'Inpersuyn in 1355.

Name Commentary

Talan - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's 'Index of Names in Irish Annals' at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/> has citations for <Cathal> associated with dates ranging from 752 to 1578.

> [Mac an Phearsoin]: Would,

That should of course be 'Woulfe'.

> pg. 316, lists a mac an Phearsúiin

And this is a typo for <mac an Phearsúin>.

Black actually gives <Mac a' Phearsain> and <Mac a Phearsoin> as modern Scottish Gaelic forms; Edward Dwelly, _The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary_ (Glasgow: Gairm Publications, 1988 [1920]), p.1022, gives only the first of these. The _Dictionary of the Irish Language_ (DIL) s.v. <persún> gives the Early Irish genitive singular as either <persún> or <persúin>. It also notes the sobriquet <Mac an Persun>, which is found in entries for the year 1373 in the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Connacht; in the latter it can be found at entry 1373.5 at <http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100011/text151.html>.

On this evidence, together with such Scottish forms as the <M'Inpersuyn> cited in the ILoI, I'd be inclined to recommend <Phearsúin> as the most plausible spelling. However, the DIL does note a <mic phersoin Chille Comain>; there is no date, but failure to show lenition of the <m> in <Comain>, coupled with the fact that the DIL is based mostly on Old and Middle Irish sources, suggests that it's at least a period citation. Thus, it seems likely that the <-oin> spelling of the genitive is a period variant, and hence that the name is acceptable as submitted.

Device Commentary

Knut - I doubt that anyone would accuse me of hesitating to mention in specific detail any potential problems in submitted artwork.

Clear

Ary - As drawn, this blurs the line between "per chevron" and "on a point pointed". The per chevron line needs to extend passed the per fess line in order for this to be fixed. This needs to be returned for a redraw.

Talan - It certainly does not: this is an excellent rendering of a per chevron division with a chief. It isn't even close to being problematic, even without taking into account that this design screams 'per chevron'.

> The per chevron line needs to extend passed the per fess

It does. Quite noticeably, in fact.

Name passed to Laurel

Device passed to Laurel

14) {Cleftlands, Barony of, New Order -- Order of the Lodestone }
(Cleveland)

[Lodestone]: Oxford English Dictionary, p 1066 s.n. loadstone lists [Lodysshetone] c. 1548 [lodestone] c. 1579

This is all that was send me was a photocopy of the page in the OED. Also no petition was sent. According to the Handbook this is optional anyways.

Escutcheon is incorrect. The Dragon Herald letter in the August Pale states that a new Midrealm policy is in effect that ALL group submissions must have a petition of support. Although I will list the commentary, this name will be returned for lack of a petition.

CommentaryAry - This follows the patterns found in Maredudd's "Project Ordensnamen" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/ names/order/), of naming orders after objects:

Shell, 1290 (Holland)
Scale, 1318 (Spain)
Collar, 1355 (Savoy)
Knot, 1360 (Sicily)
Thisle, 1370 (France)
Stocking, 1400 (Venice)
Jar, 1403 (Aragon)
and others. The submitters should be aware that this conflicts with Smoking Rocks, Barony of 'Order of the Lodestone', which is entry #42 on the September 30 East ELoI. I don't see any reason why this won't be registered, in which case by the time this submission reaches Laurel it would be in conflict. However, since Smoking Rocks's order is not yet registered, this current submission cannot be returned for conflict. (It'd be nice to let the submitters know so that they can withdraw the submission if they desire).

Talan - This isn't quite right; the citations should be <lodysshestone> ca.1515, <lodestone> 1548, and <lode stone> 1579. I see no reason to use the first in the ELoI: it's completely abnormal, and even the editors of the OED weren't quite sure what to make of it.

Returned, as stated above.

#15) Collette de St. Angela de Helleville (F) New name change from Cerridwen of Crowford (registered January 1994)
(Red Spears)

The submitter will accept all changes and requests a name that is a "spoof on Collette the angel from hell."

[Collette]: The article "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, 1438" lists Collette as a feminine give name.

[St. Angela]: Noted as a feminine form of St. Angelo. Dauzat and Roistang, s.n. St. Angelo, dates St. Ange-et-Torçay in 1184.

[Helleville]: Dauzat and Roistang, s.n. Helleville list Herardivilla in 1000, Hetrevilla in 1020, and Herrevilla in 1100.

Commentary

Talan - The URL is <http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/paris1423.html>.

> [St. Angela]: Noted as a feminine form of St. Angelo. Dauzat and Roistang,

Typo: Rostaing

> s.n. St. Angelo, dates St. Ange-et-Torçay in 1184.

This is incorrect. <St-Ange-et-Torçay> is the headword, not <St. Angelo>. One of the places considered in that article is St-Ange-le-Viel; the 1184 citation is for that place, in the form <de S. Angelo>. Morlet (III:21b) gives a fuller form of the same citation, <Homines de Sancto Angelo> 'men/people of Saint Angelo', from which it's clear that the citation is Latin and therefore need not say much about the vernacular form of the place-name. The citation is also far too early for the rest of the name, and in fact Morlet notes that the same place was <Saint Ange les Lorrez le Boxhage> in 1362, already with French <Ange> rather than the older Latin form.

> [Helleville]: Dauzat and Roistang,

Typo: Rostaing

> s.n. Helleville list Herardivilla in 1000, Hetrevilla in1020, and Herrevilla in 1100.

The actual citations are <Herardi villa> ca.1000, <Hetrevilla> ca.1020, and <Herrevilla> ca.1100. They are irrelevant to the submission, since they are (a) altogether the wrong forms and (b) far too early, but Morlet III:354b has the more helpful later citation <eccl. de Hellevilla> 1332, which suggests that <de Helleville> ought to be possible from the 14th century on.

The double locative byname is very unlikely, and the documentation for <St. Angelo> is, as noted above, inadequate to justify the byname anyway. I suggest replacing <St. Angelo> with the byname/surname <Ange>, of metronymic origin (Dauzat s.n. <Ange>); unlike the submitted name, <Collette Ange de Helleville> is actually not unreasonable, and since <ange> is the French word for 'angel', it's actually a rather better 'spoof on Collette the angel from hell'.

Name changed to Collette Ange de Helleville and passed to Laurel

#16) Conláod MacUilliam (M) New name and device -- Gyronny arrondy of six gules and argent, on a chief sable two triquetras argent
(Andelcrag)

The submitter allows only minor changes and cares most about having an "11th century Celtic" name.

[Conláod]: Ó Corráin and Maguire, pg. 58, s.n. Conláed, notes the name as belonging to a saint.

[MacUilliam]: Ó Courráin and Maguire, pg. 174, s.n. Uilliam, notes Uilliam as a name brought by the Normans from Englang. Woulfe, pg. 414, s.n. MacUilliam, lists the genitive form.

The post-1200 form of Conláed is Conláodh; the submitter probably got Conláod from that form (which is written with dots instead of h's in Woulfe). A likely pre-1200 form should be Conláed mac Uilliam.

Name Commentary

Talan - The index to O'Brien's _Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae_ has three instances of a name that he normalizes <Conláed>, though in two cases the person is also called <Conlae>, a much more common name that is apparently identical with the <Connla> of Ó Corráin & Maguire. <Conláed> does not appear in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's 'Index of Names in Irish Annals' at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/>. Note that the OCM article implies that only three bearers of the name are known, two from the legendary period, and one from the early 6th century.

Typos: the first author should be <Ó Corráin>, and the Normans brought the name from England, not Englang.

Mari's Annals index has examples of <Uilliam> betwee 1302 and 1577.

> The post-1200 form of Conláed is Conláodh; the submitter probably got… (etc)

This is incorrect: the name in Woulfe is <Connlaodh>, with an alternative spelling <Connlaoth> (p. 177), with no accent (and <nn> rather than <n>).

> A likely pre-1200 form should be Conláed mac Uilliam.

Except that a pre-1200 <mac Uilliam> is extremely unlikely: the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland occurred only about 30 years before 1200. Presumably the name would be registerable as <Conlaod mac Uilliam>, with a single 'weirdness' for the gap of over half a millennium between the forename and the patronym. However, if the submitter really cares most about having an '11th century Celtic [sic]' name, this should be returned: there's no evidence that <Uilliam> had been borrowed into Old Irish at that early date (and good reason to doubt that it had been).

Device Commentary

Knut - Per pale and per saltire all embowed counterembowed gules and argent, on a chief sable two triquetras argent

In one of the March submissions (Wulfgar der Krieger [pg. 15]), I've ruled that gyronny of six palewise will no longer be permitted (after the standard four-month grace period, of course). Parker, p.301, states that gyronny of six should be symmetric around the horizontal axis, not the vertical axis; and this is borne out by such period examples as I've been able to uncover. Gyronny of six palewise is purely an SCA term for what is, as far as I can tell, a non-period rendition of the field. I can usually manage to reblazon it Per pale and per saltire; but sometimes (as with Wulfgar's submission) there's no way to reblazon it. I would prefer to see correct emblazons for this field, rather than have to resort to circuitous or torturous reblazon. If someone can provide evidence that gyronny of six palewise was used in period armory, I will continue to accept it; failing such evidence, I will begin returning it at the Oct 93 meeting. (8 May, 1993 Cover Letter (March, 1993 LoAR), pg. 3) Precedents - Bruce, under FIELD DIVISION -- Gyronny

There is a wierdness for the SCA compatible embowed counterembowed line treatment, but gyronny of six palewise is immediately returnable as non-period style.

Clear

Ari - I found no conflicts with the device.

Name – after contacting the client he has agreed to a name change to: Conlaed mac Uilliam. He also understands the difference in centuries and is ok with that.

Device passed to Laurel

#17) Cristobal Corvacho (M) New name and device -- Or, a winged monkey rampant sable winged maintaining a skull and on a chief invected vert three mullets argent
(Vanished Wood)

Blazon changed to: Or, a monkey rampant sable winged and holding a skull, on a chief invected vert three mullets argent

Submitter allows all changes and cares most about sound.

[Cristobal]: The article "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century" lists the name as a male given name.

[Corvacho]: The same article lists Corvacho in the category "Other Surnames."

The submitter originally wanted a brown winged monkey but changed it to a monkey sable winged vert when it was pointed out to him that we do not registered monsters in proper tinctures.

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Cristobal]: The article "Spanish Names from the Late15th Century" lists the name as a male given name.

The article is by Juliana de Luna and is found at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/>. The name is the 21st most common in her data (18 of the 1957 men bore the name); the spelling <Cristobal> occurs seven times (to eight for <Cristoval>).

> [Corvacho]: The same article lists Corvacho in the category "Other Surnames."

The article notes that it was originally a byname meaning 'crow-like'. The name is fine.

Device Commentary

Knut - Or, a monkey rampant sable winged and maintaining a skull, on a chief invected vert three mullets argent

Clear

Name and device passed to Laurel

#18) Damian d'Acheron (M) New name and device -- Argent goutty de sang, on a point pointed sable a fleur-de-lis argent
(Flame)

Blazon changed to: Argent goutty de sang, on a point pointed ployé sable a fleur-de-lis argent

The submitter will accept only minor changes and cares most about the sound and being a French crusader.

[Damien]: Morlet, Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siecle, vol II, pg. 39, s.n. Damianus lists the name as a male give name (dated to sometime before the 12th century).

[d'Acheron]: Constructed to mean "from the plain of Acheron," based on names like d'Acre (a place in the Holy Land) in the 1292 Census of Paris. Acheron is a plain just south of Nicopolis in Greece; the 4th crusade (1204) as well as the Burgundian crusade (1396) went through the area, so it seems to be a plausible byname for a French crusader.

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Damien]: Morlet, Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de… etc

There are three citations; the first two are undated but, in view of their sources, most probably from the ninth century; the last is from ca.1035. Dauzat s.n. <Damien> notes that this is a widespread surname of patronymic origin, so it's clear that the name remained in use after that date.

> [d'Acheron]: Constructed to mean "from the plain of… etc

The Lion or Lyon d'Acre of the 1292 Paris tax roll is certainly not a good model for a crusader: he was a Jewish physician. The entries in which he occurs are consecutive in the section headed 'Ce sont les Juis de la ville de Paris' (These are the Jews of the city of Paris): Lyon, d'Acre, mire, sa fame Bien-li-Viengne Amendant, fuis Lion d'Acre

That is: Lyon, of Acre, physician, his wife Bien-li-Viengne Amendant, son [of] Lion d'Acre

(These are from H. Geraud, _Paris sous Philippe-le-Bel: d'aprés des documents originaux et notamment d'aprés un manuscript contenant Le Rôle de la taille imposée sur les habitants de Paris en 1292_ (Paris: Crapelet, 1837), p.178.)

It's certainly possible that his byname refers to the crusader capital, though there's nothing in the tax roll to rule out reference to some other place. But it really doesn't matter much for this submission, because Acre and Acheron are very different in onomastic terms. In the 13th century Acre was the political and administrative capital of the Latin Kingdom, until it finally fell to the Muslims in 1291. (See, e.g., the potted history at <www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Archaeology/Akko.html>.)

It was a specific city, and one of considerable importance. The name <Acheron> (Greek <Akherôn>), on the other hand, refers primarily to the river of that name, though it is occasionally applied also to the plain watered by the river.

Toponymic bynames -- those formed from actual place-names rather from from topographical descriptions -- are typically based on names of hamlets, villages, towns, and cities; occasionally they are based on the names of larger regions, but the regions are always well-known ones with distinct cultural identities and often contemporary or former status as separate political entities. An example of this last type is the byname <d'Alemaingne> 1292. In general, though, French bynames referring to larger regions tend to take ethnic forms, e.g., <l'Alemant> 1292, <le Breton> 1292.

Clearly neither the river nor its plain is the kind of place that produced medieval French toponymic bynames. Nor do we know what form the name would have taken in Old French, especially if it were taken from the local Greek pronunciation -- roughly \ah-KHEHR-ohn\ -- rather than from Greek mythology through Latin, as in the case of modern French <Achéron>. I see no way to justify the byname.

Device Commentary

Knut - Argent goutty de sang, on a point pointed ployé sable a fleur-de-lis argent

Clear

Ari - This point is also ploy{e'}.

With all respect to Master Talan, I am passing this name to Laurel for a determination.

Device passed to Laurel

#19) Dana Grochenydd (F) New badge-- Gules estencely argent
(Talonval)
(Name reg'd Aug '00)

Commentary

Knut - Gerard de Lisieux - May of 1998 (via the Middle):

Per chevron paly bendy sinister sable and argent, and azure estencely argent.

> This conflicts ... There is one CD for the field.

> There is none for having the roundels over all the field, because the

> position on Gerard's is forced.

CD field, CD arrangement. The motif of paly bendy sinister sable estencely and argent is registerable. The forced arrangement of estencely argent on this registration's field would include sparks on the sable portions. Since the sable sections are empty, it isn't a forced arrangement.

Edwin Bersark - January of 1973: Gules, a roundel so drawn as to represent a round shield battered in long and honourable service, argent.

CD number of primaries. Possible CD for type. I can find absoultly no evidence that there has EVER been a Laurel level decision on difference or lack thereof between roundels and estencely or sparks. Note that while the indexing of the O&A is usually a good indication of conflict, it is NOT a definitive statement of Laurel policy. (Do I hear the death rattle of another SCA heraldic myth?)

Christopher of Haslingden - October of 2002 (via the East): Quarterly sable and gules, all platy.

CD field, I feel that there should be a CD for arrangement or type for the difference between the random or regular distribution of platy and the characteristic groupings of estencely. (What would I know about platy?)

Margareta vanden Velde - November of 2001 (via Atlantia): Gules, three groups of three roundels each two and one and a bordure engrailed Or.

CD bordure. With the registration considered as sparks, second CD for number. With the registration considered as roundels, possible CD for type.

Oriana of Myrtlewood - April of 1999 (via An Tir): (Fieldless) Three plates conjoined one and two.

CD fieldless, CD number.

Robert Bedingfield of Lochmere - May of 2002 (via Atlantia): Sable estencely argent, a bordure countercompony vert and argent.

CD field, CD bordure

Pass this up so that Laurel can actually address the issue of roundels versus estencely.

A&M - This is clear of Gerbrich of Polderslot (device registered in October of 1998): "Gules estencely, three quatrefoils argent" and of Erlendr Roussel (device registered in December of 1990): "Gules, semy of sparks argent, two triskeles arrondy and a seeblatt Or" by RFS X.1 Addition of Primary Charges

Ari - This conflicts with Gerard de Lisieux (reg. 05/1998 via the Middle), "Per chevron paly bendy sinister sable and argent, and azure estencely argent." There is one CD for the field. There is none for having the roundels over all the field, because the position on Gerard's is forced. It also conflicts with Christopher of Haslingden (reg. 10/2002 via the East), "Quarterly sable and gules, all platy."

Vs. Geoffrey le Bay (reg. 12/1998 via Ansteorra), "Sable, an orle of plates" and Griffin the Black (reg. 11/1998 via Ansteorra), "Sable, eight plates in annulo," there is one CD for the field, and one for the arrangement.

Talan - >This conflicts with Gerard de Lisieux (reg. 05/1998 via the Middle), "Per chevron paly bendy sinister sable and argent, and azure estencely argent." There is one CD for the field. There is none for having the roundels over all the field, because the position on Gerard's is forced.

Not true: there is nothing that prohibits placing individual estencely units on the sable blocks in chief. Such things can be found in period armory.

> It also conflicts with Christopher of Haslingden (reg. 10/2002 via the East), "Quarterly sable and gules, all platy."

No: estencely is not platy. The individual elements -- the strewn charges in estencely are sets of three dots, not individual roundels.

Badge passed to Laurel

#20) Desiderata del Rio () New badge -- Azure, a wolf's head ululant erased winged elevated and addorsed OrBlazon changed to: Azure, a winged wolf's head ululant erased, wings elevated and addorsed argentHer name was on the March 2004 ILoAR.

Commentary

Knut - Azure, a winged wolf's head ululant erased wings elevated and addorsed argent

Gad Waldbär - February of 1991 (via the West): Azure, a winged arrow fesswise, point to dexter, wings elevated and addorsed, argent.

Single CD for changing the arrow to a wolf's head.

Visually, the wings are equivalent to a single sinister wing.

Dante Alighieri - December of 1994 (via Laurel): Azure, a sinister wing argent.

Single CD for the head.

Return for conflict

Catriona - The blazon doesn't match the emblazon.  The color emblazon shows an argent wolf, not Or.  I would suggest contacting the submitter to find out which metal the wolf is supposed to be.

A&M - Although the ILOI has the tincture of the wolf as Or, in the emblazon shown it is actually argent. This badge is listed as one of the items submitted at Pennsic, and it is possible that the form is simply unfinished. In addition to the possible conflicts already mentioned, there is a possible conflict with George of Glen Laurie, device registered in August of 1979 (via Caid): "Azure, a St. Bernard dog's head couped at the neck bearing a cask at its neck, all proper. [Canis familiaris extrariis St. Bernardi]." The typical St. Bernard head is white, with black markings. http://www.akc.org/breeds/recbreeds/stbern.cfm There is 1 CD for the addition of the wings, but none for couping vs. erased or dog vs. wolf, and possibly none for removal of the markings on the St. Bernard, depending upon how much of the head is of what tincture. It is unclear whether or not the change from a regular head posture to ululant is enough for a CD. If these were entire beasts it would not be, but since only the heads are being considered it might be sufficient. The cask is likely to be maintained charge, and thus not worth a CD.

From the Precedents of Francoise la Flamme:

[a unicorn's head couped argent vs. a unicorn's head erased argent horned Or] There is a CD for the field, but none for the tincture of the horn (which is much less than half the charge) and nothing for changing a head erased to a head couped. [Zaritsa Vlastova, 10/01, R-Meridies] Also from Francoise: Per the cover letter for the June 2001 LoAR, there is no difference between talbots and wolves. This means any additional difference must be derived from the posture of the beasts. [Ingilborg Sigmundardóttir, 08/01, R-Caid] From the Precedents of Elsbeth Anne Roth: [a lion's head erased argent] Conflict with the badge for Kasilda Kubasek, Gules, a natural leopard's head erased argent, spotted sable. ... Nor is there a CD for markings on the head of Kasilda's leopard. [Vladislav de Jaffa, 02/00, R-Middle]

Talan - This blazon says that the head is elevated and addorsed, when in fact it's the wings. I'd blazon it 'Azure, a winged wolf's head ululant erased wings elevated and addorsed or'.This does not conflict with the above mentioned devices. Passed to Laurel.#21) Elsa du Kleine (F) New name and new device -- Per chevron azure and argent, two musical notes and a mouse statant counterchanged
(Caer Byrbyrd)

The submitter will allow minor changes to the byname only and cares most about the sound of the name.

[Elsa]: Bahlow, Unsere Vornamen im Wandel der Jarhunderte, pg. 28, s.n. Else, lists Elsa as a variant form. The article "15th Century Cerman Women's Names" by Talan Gwynek lists two instances of Else. The article "Medeival Given Names from Silesia", dates Else to 1374. Socin, pg. 53, s.n. Elsa, cites Elsa Tochter des Gartnerto 1299.

[die Kleine]: Brechenmacher, pg. 55, s.n. Klein, dates a Herolf der Kleine to 1185 and a Waltham der Kleine to 1209. The byname der Kleine is the masculine form; the feminine from is die Kleine

Name Commentary

Talan - The first citation is nearly useless, since it says nothing about dates of use. The second can be found at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/german15f.html>, and the third at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/>.

The last citation is incorrect, though not in any way that matters. The full citation is <Elsa Tochter des Gärtners Ebinus dictus de Overwilr>, where the words <Tochter des Gärtners> are italicized; this means that they are Socin's addition, not part of the documentary evidence. In other words, the document names her <Elsa> and contains evidence that she is the daughter of a man whose name appears in it as <Ebinus dictus de Overwilr>.

> [die Kleine]: Brechenmacher, pg. 55, s.n. Klein, dates a…..

The header gives her byname as <du Kleine>, but the documentation is for <die Kleine>; is this correct, or is <du Kleine> a typo?

The citations are incorrect: the first should be <Herolt der Kleine> 1185, and the second, <Walthelm der Kleine> 1209. The feminine form is indeed <die Kleine>, and <Elsa die

Kleine> should be just fine.

Device Commentary

Knut – Myrddin Llygoden - June of 1985 (via the Middle): Per chevron azure and argent, two trees eradicated argent and a brown house mouse courant proper.

CD type of half of primaries, CD tincture of other half of primaries.

Clear

Catriona - I am concerned about the depiction of the musical notes with the stems issuing from the chief point of the note.   In general, the stems of musical notes issue up from the viewer's right side or down from the viewer's left, depending upon the note's placement on the staff.  As it stands, I feel the music notes are unrecognizable as such.  The PicDic #520 shows the stem issuing from the right hand side.

The Buckland Missal, circa 1470, shows note stems on either side of the body of the note.  http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/medieval/mss/don/b/005.htm I would suggest returning this for redraw of the music notes to a more recognizable form.

Name changed to Elsa die Kleine and passed to Laurel. It could be on the submission form as die or as du. It is written in cursive and therefore hard to decipher.

Device will be returned for redraw. I checked with a music laurel regarding the drawing of the musical notes and there is no evidence that musical notes were ever drawn as indicated here. for a look at a period musical score go to http://userpages.wittenberg.edu/dkazes/mus110/GregorianChant/#22) Enoch Mustelis (M) New name and new device -- Sable, a weasel salient reguardant contourny Or between in bend an axe reversed and a rapier both bendwise sinister argent
(Three Hills)

Blazon changed to: Sable between an axe and rapier bendwise sinister argent, a weasel salient regardant contourney Or.

The submitter wants a name for a 14th century Byzantine mercenary, with the meaning "Enoch the weasel(-like)."

He will not accept major changes.

[Enoch]: from the Old Testament (Genesis 5:18-24). Enoch was also registered without comment in October 2002. The letter of intent for that submission found Enoch in the article "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names."

[Mustelis]: The submitter, based on his background in zoology, states that mustelis means 'like a weasel.' He wants a byname with this meaning. The New College Latin-English Dictionary, pg. 189. lists 'mustellinus' with the mean 'of a weasel' and is an acceptable alternative to the submitter. The submitter was told by a senior herald (not identified) that Latin bynames were used in "that region of the world". The submitter would also accept a byname with the meaning 'energetic' since he received his nickname ('weasel') for be an energetic person. The submitter (and the point) request help documenting the byname.

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Enoch]: from the Old Testament (Genesis 5:18-24). Enoch…

Which is plainly of no help in documenting a 14th century Byzantine name. According to De Felice (nomi) s.n. <Enoch>, the name is from Hebrew <Hanôk>, Hellenized <Enôkh> and Latinized <Henoch> and <Enoch>. It does not appear in any of the Byzantine articles at <http://www.panix.com/~mittle/names/greek.shtml>, but this would not be too surprising if its use were largely limited to the Jewish community. To what extent the name might have been in use in the Jewish community is another question; in the articles at <http://www.panix.com/~mittle/names/jewish.shtml> I've found only one instance of the name, as <Hanoch Ha-Rofeh q.m Isach> in 'Names of Jews in Rome In the 1550's', compiled by Yehoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi, at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/rome_article.html>.

In short, it's not at all clear that <Enoch> is appropriate for 14th century Byzantium, but there's no clear-cut case against it.

> [Mustelis]: The submitter, based on his background in zoology…

The principal language of 14th century Byzantium was Greek, not Latin, and the readily identifiable Byzantine surnames in the articles at <http://www.panix.com/~mittle/names/greek.shtml> are mostly Greek; I would definitely expect such a byname to be Greek rather than Latin. The Greek equivalent of Latin <mustela> 'a weasel' seems to be <galén> 'the marten or polecat, Latin <mustela>'. I don't know just how plausible 'Enoch the Weasel(-like)' is in the first place, but <mustelis> seems quite unlikely. I'm not at all certain that an adjectival byname meaning 'active, energetic' wouldn't be likelier -- perhaps Greek <drastikós> -- but I don't know enough about the connotations of the possible Greek words to feel comfortable making a concrete suggestion. Since he's evidently quite flexible about the byname as long as it has the right sense, I'd send this up as <Enoch Galen> (or in transliterated Greek, <Enôkh Galén>, with an acute accent also over the omega <ô>) and let the College worry about it, though I'd probably explicitly mention the adjectival possibility to draw it to the College's attention.

Device Commentary

Knut - Clear

Since the submitter will not allow major changes and Enokh Galen would be a major change, I will pass it to Laurel as is and let them make the final decision whether to change it slightly or return it.

Device passed to Laurel

23) Ephraim ben Shlomo (M) – {New Badge -- Per bend sinister nebuly azure and vert, in bend two lions couchant Or}
(Cleveland, OH)
(name reg'd Nov. '94, Middle)

This is actually a resubmission. He submitted (Fieldless) A lion couchant Or in '94. Nothing is known that happened to that badge. It is listed in the March '94 LOI according to Ary but can't find anything after that.

Commentary

Knut - Per bend sinister nebuly azure and vert, two lions couchant Or

The nebuly is too small.

Ailitha ingen Chathail - May of 2000 (via Ansteorra): Per bend sinister wavy azure and vert, a cat sejant and a cat sejant contourny Or.

Single CD for posture.

Kane Greymane - April of 1988 (via the West): Sable, in pale two lions couchant Or, crined argent.

Single CD for the field. All of the cats are in default arrangements.

Return for multiple conflicts.

Ari - This conflicts with Ailitha ingen Chathail (reg. 05/2000 via Ansteorra), "Per bend sinister wavy azure and vert, a cat sejant and a cat sejant contourny Or." There is one CD for the multiple changes to orientation of the primary charges, but none for wavy vs. nebuly, per precedent: "[There is no] difference between nebuly and wavy: there are simply too many examples of these lines being used interchangeably, even in late period" (LoAR 9/93).

Talan - I still have all of the ELsOI from that period; it's not on any of them.

Badge returned for conflict with Ailitha ingen Chathail. And from the information provided, I do not believe he paid for this submission, which he should have.

24) Leta da Padova (F) --New Name and Device -- Gyronny argent and azure, a cross clechy vert
(Cleftlands) Client cares for Italian 13th/14th century.

[Leta] "Feminine Given Names from Thirteenth Century Perugia," by Arval Benicoeur http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/perugia/perugiaFemAlpha.html

[da Padova] "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" by Arval Benicoeur http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/venice14sur.html cites "da Padova locative. Padova or Padua is 30 miles W of Venice."

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Leta] "Feminine Given Names from Thirteenth Century Perugia," by Arval Benicoeur

The URL for the article is http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/perugia/perugiaFem.html; the page cited in the documentation is internal to the article. Two instances of the name are noted.

> [da Padova] "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" by Arval Benicoeur

The article has two authors: Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek.

The URL for the article is <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/>; the page cited in the documentation is internal to the article. Note that Venice is in the north, while Perguia in central Italy; this means that name usage and dialect may be quite different. De Felice (nomi) s.n. <Leto> notes that <Leto> and its feminine counterpart <Leta> are primarily concentrated in Tuscany, so a Paduan <Leta> might actually have been a bit unusual. None the less, the name is certainly registerable and may be just fine.

Device Commentary

Knut - Allyn Samildanach - August of 1979 (via the West): (Tinctureless) A cross of Samildanach.

Anastazia Winogrodzka - February of 1991 (via the Outlands): (Fieldless) A cross of ermine spots conjoined vert.

Aviz, Order of - November of 1998 (via Laurel): (Fieldless) A cross of Calatrava vert.

Catairiona ní Fhlannagáin - October of 1994 (via the West): Gyronny sable and argent, an equal-armed celtic cross vert.

Keresztély Ilona - May of 1998 (via the Outlands): Argent, a cross triparted and fretted fleury vert.

Nikolai of Trakai - July of 2003 (via the Middle): (Fieldless) A doubled cross vert.

Roxbury Mill, Shire of - April of 2001 (via Atlantia): (Fieldless) Two millrinds in cross vert.

CDs fields, I'd give all of these at least a CD for type of cross Clear

Ari - Great name and lovely arms! The arms are clear of Torin of Norwood (reg. 02/1989 via the West), "Per chevron inverted dovetailed argent and counter-ermine, in chief a cross clechy vert," with one CD for the field, and one for the unforced move of the cross to chief. I found nothing else close.

Name and device passed to Laurel

25) Marion Forester (F) New Name and Device --Vert, semy of dragonflies argent
(Sternfeld)

[Marion]: Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in _A Dictionary of English Surnames_" http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/reaney.cgi?Mary
cites "13° Bowerman; 1379 Marion"

[Forester]: Mari neyn Brian, "An Index to the 1332 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Lincolnshire, England" http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/LincLSR/BynF.html cites many instances of [Forester] or [le Forester]."

Name Commentary

Talan - The name and documentation are fine.

Device Commentary

Knut – Clear

Ari - What's with the dragonflies on this LoI? I found no conflicts, but there's some problems with the forms: This is not a standard escutcheon. As such, unless the submitter has received permission from Laurel for this alteration, it is not registerable: I once again need to remind everyone who deals with submissions paperwork that the forms we use are standardized, especially when it comes to the size of the escutcheon, lozenge and roundel on the armory forms. If any Kingdom wants to change their forms it has to be approved by Laurel before the changes can be put into effect. [Shauna's Cover Letter, March 2004].

Name and device passed to Laurel.

Note to Ary: The submitter’s husband (Aoki, #7 on the LoI) contacted me once he realized they had submitted on the wrong forms. They sent me the correct forms almost immediately. All is well. J

26) Tura Struffaldi (M) -- New Name and Device -- Gules, a harp between three Syrian knives in annulo Or
(March of Three Towers)

Client cares more for Italian 12th-15 century.

[Tura] "Italian Names from Florance, 1427," by Ferrante LaVolpe from online castasto of 1427 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/names.txt)

(*Esct. Note: you can also access the site at: "http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/newsearch/first_names.html")

[Struffaldi] -- Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield and Anthony Molho "Florence Renaissance Resource: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532," "List of Family Names": http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/doc/TLSURNAM1.html

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Tura] "Italian Names from Florance, 1427," by Ferrante LaVolpe from online…

The name of the city is <Florence>, but the typo is present in the article.

> (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/names.txt)

The URL of the article itself is <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/>; the one given in the documentation is for an internal page.

> (*Esct. Note: you can also access the site at:

> "http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/newsearch/first_names.html"

No, it's a different site, but it does have a list of the forenames found in the Catasto. The URL for the Catasto site as a whole is <http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/>. It turns out that the forename <Tura> occurs exactly once. Using the search interface to pull up the entire record, we find that the person in question was Tura, son of Francesco Bonaiuti, a 54-year-old married man, thus confirming that <Tura> is masculine despite the <-a> ending. (I suspect that it's a pet form of <Salvatore>: De Felice (nomi) s.n. <Salvatore> notes <Tore> and <Tori> as such.)

> [Struffaldi] -- Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield and Anthony…

> http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/doc/TLSURNAM1.html

The URL that goes with the title is <http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/>.

There were three officeholders with the surname <Struffaldi>; using one of the search interfaces, I find that they were selected in 1283, 1284, and 1308; the surname is not found in the 1427 Catasto. Despite the century-plus gap and apparent rarity of both elements, especially the forename, the name is probably just fine, and it's certainly registerable.

Device Commentary

Knut - Gules, in pall inverted a harp between three Syrian knives annulowise Or

This would be the first registration of Syrian knives. They need to be documented.

Clear

Ari - Lovely name. I found no conflicts with the arms

Name and Device passed to Laurel

27) Waryn de Ashley (M) -- New Name and Device --Per pale argent and sable, a griffin segreant and on a chief vert three mullets argent
(Tirnewydd)

[Waryn] "Court Rolls of the Lordships, Wapentakes, and Demesne Manors of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster in the County of Lancaster, 1323-4 AD," edited by Wm Farrer. c. 1901, p. 62 lists "John, son of Warine"

I checked online and found: "An Index to the 1332 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Lincolnshire, England," by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan (mka Kathleen M. O'Brien) http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/LincLSR/GivV.html lists [Warin] several times

[Ashley] "A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely," vol X edited by A. F. Wareham and A. P. M. Wright, c. 2002, p. 29, "Ashley cum Silverly, usually called Ashley .... 1066"

The client submitted photocopies of his sources. The client wants "Waryn" but submitted "Warine" in the documentation. He will allow for minor changes in his name for authentic 14th century English.

Apparently the client will allow any changes since none of the boxes are checked.

Name Commentary

Talan - > [Waryn] "Court Rolls of the Lordships, Wapentakes, and…

> I checked online and found: "An Index to the 1332 Lay….

> http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/LincLSR/GivV.html lists [Warin] several times

Six times, to be precise. Note, however, that most of the forenames have been normalized, first to Latin in the original documents, then to standard modern forms when they exist. (E.g., <John> represents documentary <Johannes> or the like, which in turn represents some uncertain vernacular form of the name.) This citation is evidence for the name but not for any particular spelling.

Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Wareing>: <Robertus filius Warini> and <Robertus filius Warin> 1086, <Warinus filius Toruerdi> 1142, and <Willelmus filius Warin> temp. Henry II (i.e., 1154x1189). My article 'Given Names from Early 13th Century England' at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/eng13/> has four instances of <Warinus> from the period ca.1230 to ca.1247. Bardsley s.n. <Wareing> adds <Fulco fil. Warin>, <Symon fil. Warin>, and <Warin de la Stane>, all 1273.

For the completely unsurprising <-in> ~ <-yn> variation, <http://www.galbithink.org/names/hereford1379.txt>, drawing on Carolyn C. Fenwick, The Poll Taxes of 1377, 1379 and 1381, Records of Social and Economic History, New Series 27 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), notes Latin ablatives <Warino> and <Waryno> in Herefordshire in 1379, and Bardsley s.n. <Heath> has <Waryn Atte-Heyth> 1398.

> [Ashley] "A History of the County of Cambridge and the…

This is useless, since it contains no dated citation. This, like the typo in the place-name, which should be <Ashley cum Silverley>, can easily be verified, as the source is available online at <http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=18772>. The part quoted actually reads as follows:

Ashley cum Silverley, usually called Ashley, is on the Suffolk border 6 km. (3¾ miles) ESE. of Newmarket. (Footnote 1) Its two ancient parishes have long been united and still longer associated. The manors were owned and assessed for tax together in 1066, (Footnote 2) passed to one Norman overlord, and were reunited in the ownership of the Hospitallers in the 13th century.

However, Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Ashley> have the byname <de Ashley> from 1281, and the modern spelling, rare up to that point, will have become more common thereafter.

Finally, it's not hard to find locative bynames of the form <de X> in the 14th century. For instance, Reaney & Wilson s.nn. <Oakden>, <Ockham>, <Oakley>, <Risely> have <de Okeden> 1332, <de Ocham> 1327, <de Okeley> 1327, and <de Ryslee> 1375-6.

In short, the name is fine, despite the inadequate documentation submitted with it.

Device Commentary

Knut – The chief should be wider.

Meriel of Dunheved - March of 1998 (via Lochac): Argent, a griffin segreant on a chief vert, three roses argent.

CD field, CD RfS X.4.j.ii.(d)

Clear

A&M - We are unsure if enough of the identifying parts of the griffin are on the high-contrast part of the field. The beak, forelegs, and one hind leg are on the argent (high-contrast) half of the field. However, the ears, wings, tail, and other hind leg are on the low-contrast sable portion.

From the Precedents of Francoise la Flamme:

[Quarterly azure and argent, in pale a raven perched atop a decrescent sable] This submission has insufficient contrast. Sable objects technically have good contrast on a quarterly azure and argent field by RfS VIII.2.a.2: "Good contrast exists between ... ii. An element equally divided of a color and a metal, and any other element as long as identifiability is maintained." In this submission, identifiability is not maintained. All the identifying portions of the close bird are on the low contrast portion of the field, as are the more identifiable portions of the decrescent. We were unable to identify either charge accurately without close viewing of the form. This is therefore not identifiable due to marginal contrast by RfS VIII.3, Armorial Identifiability: "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability. Identifiable elements may be rendered unidentifiable by significant reduction in size, marginal contrast, excessive counterchanging, voiding, or fimbriation, or by being obscured by other elements of the design." [Tristan Ravencrest, 03/02, R-Æthelmearc]

Ari - I found no conflicts with the arms. The submitter should be advised to draw the chief wider.

Talan - The first 'vert' should be deleted: 'Per pale argent and sable, a griffin segreant and on a chief vert three mullets argent'.

Name and Device passed to Laurel

I remain in service,

Mistress Elena de Vexin

Rouge Scarpe Herald