This
is the July 2003 Middle Kingdom Letter of Acceptances and Returns for
Escutcheon’s May Letter of Intent. Unless otherwise noted, all clients
will accept changes. {Comments in braces {} were removed from the Letter
of Intent sent to Laurel and the College of Arms. Names, devices, or
badges in braces have been returned or pended; general comments or replies
to commentary are also placed in braces}. Thanks to Dugan MacLeod, Angelique
Michele d' Herisson, Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Cnute, Pendar the Bard,
Talan Gwynek, John ap Wynne, Ælfreda æt Æthelwealda, & Mikhail of
Lubelska for their commentary this month.}
As a reminder to all who see
this that assist clients with their submissions, please make sure that
all the forms are filled out properly. Last month and this month there
were several armory submissions that were missing the black and white
mini-emblazon on the forms. While we were willing to copy, cut and
paste them this time, if this trend continues we will have to start
returning all such submissions regardless of their relative merits.
When it comes to questionable
submissions, there are times I may send on to Laurel some items that
some commenters consider to be returnable or borderline. I prefer to
give the benefit of the doubt to the client -- after all, it is for
THEM that that we are working, and not (just) for our own education.
And now, ON WITH THE SHOW!
1) Andris Richart {der Mailleschmidtt}. (M) New Name.
Names found in “Medieval German
Given Names from Silesia Men’s Names” by Talan Gwynek online at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/bahlowMasc.html . [Andris]~three occurrences 1370,
1386-97, 1497. [Richart]~1347-56.
Client cares most about having
a German language/culture name.
{[Esct. Comment: The client listed [der Mailleschmidtt] in parentheses. I am not sure if he intended this to be part of the registered name or not. He did not include documentation for it.]
As no documentation was provided
for "der Mailleschmidtt", we are dropping that part of the
name in order to send it on to Laurel.}
Name Commentary
Ary - <Andris Richart>
is a fine German name, and would be interpreted as <given> + <unmarked
patronymic>. I believe <schmidt> should only have one <t>.
Compounds with <-schmidt> are certainly found; Brechenmacher s.nn.
Goldschmied, Silberschmied has <Goltsmit> 1272 and <Silberschmidt>
1496. I'm not sure what <Maille> means, so I don't know if <Mailleschmidt>
is appropriate or not. In any case, I don't think the definite article
should be used; it is not found in other examples. Since no documentation
was provided for this element and since it isn't clear that the submitter
intended it to be part of his name, it should be dropped and the name
sent to Laurel as <Andris Richart>. }
2) Brice Colquhoun for Fellowship of the Oaken Blade. Household Badge Resubmission. ( Fieldless)In cross points conjoined in center four rapiers proper and in saltire stems conjoined in center four oak leaves gules.
{ The badge was returned by
Rouge Scarpe July 2002 for violating RfS VIII.5 Fieldless Style. The
original emblazon did not have the charges truly conjoined. He has redrawn
the swords and leaves so that they are all truly joined at the center.
}
REBLAZONED AS:
Four rapiers cojoined in cross points to center proper, and four
oak leaves conjoined in saltire stems to center gules.
Badge Commentary:
Cnute: (Fieldless), four rapiers in cross points to center proper conjoined
with four oak leaves in saltire stems to center gules
Clear
Pendar: This reminded me of a submission from the Outlands that was registered in July 2002. Diana of the Tulips. Badge. (Fieldless) Four tulips gules slipped in cross bases to center conjoined with four leaves in saltire bases to center vert.
Several commenters complained about this kind of rotational symmetry, but Laurel registered it with the note "The armory verges on obtrusive modernity, reminding many commenters of a Pennsylvania Dutch folk art motif."
That obviously didn't keep it from being registered. I imagine that this submission will evoke similar complaints, but that won't bar registration.
This is a fieldless badge,
which means there is already one CD for being fieldless. That means
the ONLY potential conflicts are from an identical arrangement of identical
charges with identical tinctures, which is virtually inconceivable.
No conflicts found through 02/03.
Ary: Blazon-fu:
"[Fieldless] Four rapiers
proper conjoined in cross points to center and four oak leaves gules
conjoined in saltire stems to center."
3) Cellach macCormaic. (M) New Name and Device. Per pale and per fess dancetty argent and azure, in bend two stags springing counterchanged.
[Cellach]~ found in “Irish Names”, Donnchadh O’Corrain Fidelma Maguire, p. 48. Several uses one of which was [Cellach Ua Máel Corgais], principal poet of Connacht, who died in 1000.
[Cormaic]~ ibid, p. 60. listed
as the tenth most popular name in early Ireland. The client constructed
the genitive from the article, “100 Most Popular Men’s Names in Early
Medieval Ireland” by Tangwystyl.
Client will NOT accept MAJOR
changes, cares most about language/culture and wishes a name authentic
to 11th century Ireland.
REBLAZONED AS:
Per pale and per fess indented argent and azure, in bend two stags
springing azure.
Name Commentary:
Ary: <Cellach> was used
by both men and women in the early period; as a feminine name it's found
in the Irish Annals in 726 and 732, and as a masculine name it's found
in 865. (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/). The byname
should be <mac Cormaic>, with a space. This is a fine early period
name, though according to Tangwystyl's article and the Annals article,
<mac Cormaicc> would be more in keeping with his period.
Device Commentary:
Ary: Blazon-fu: "Per pale
and per fess _indented_ argent and azure, in bend two stags springing
counterchanged." Dancetty can only be used when two sides of the
same ordinary are concerned; it's analogous to why we don't use "Quarterly
betressed," or the like.
Pendar: "Counterchanged"
implies that these critters are overlying the field division. They are
clearly contained in their quarters. Blazon-fu: Per pale and per fess
dancetty argent and azure, two stags springing azure. There is no need
to specify that they are "in bend" since they can only be
on the argent portions of the field. No conflicts found through 02/03.
Cnute: Per pale and per fess dancetty argent and azure, two stags springing azure
Forced arrangement.
This would be much better as quarterly argent and azure, two stags springing azure, which is also clear.
Clear.
4) Douglas of Ravenslake. (M) Device Resubmission. Quarterly gules and vert, a bull statant and in chief a sword fesswise Or.
Original device
(Quarterly gules and vert, a bull statant Or) returned by Rouge
Scarpe March 2003 for conflict with Michael of Shattered Crystal [reg:
9/99] (Gules, a bull passant guardant Or). Client has added another
charge in this submission.
Device Commentary:
Cnute: Quarterly gules and vert, a sword fesswise and a bull statant Or
The sword is large enough to be co-primary.
Clear
Pendar: Y'know, this is about the size I would expect to see a sword fesswise if it were the primary charge, which means that these two charges are technically of equal visual weight and this could potentially be blazoned as "Quarterly gules and vert, in pale a sword fesswise reversed and a bull statant Or", but if that were the case, then I would expect each charge to be lying on their own side of the fess line.
No conflicts found through
02/03.
5) Estrilda Le Siffleur. (F) New Name.
[Estrilda]~
“Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names”, E.G. Withycombe, p 51 s.n.[Estrild] from OE [Eastorhild] survived as [Estrild] to the 12th century. “A Dictionary of First Names”, Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges, Oxford University Press, 1990, p.109, s.n. [Estrild] lists [Estrildis] as a name for a German princess in a legend narrated by Geoffrey of Monmouth. “First Names First” by Leslie Alan Dunkling, lists [Estrilda] as an OE name still in use in the 12th century. “Feminine Given Names in a Dictionary of English Surnames” by Talan Gwynek online at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/reaney.cgi?Estrild , lists [Estrilda] multiple dates-- 1201 earliest and 1327 latest.
[Le Siffleur] ~
“Larousse Concise Dictionary”
French/English section p.484-485 lists [siffler]
vi to whistle; (serpent) to hiss <>vt 1. (air de
musique) to whistle-2. (femme) to whistle at-3.(chien) to whistle for-4.(acteur)
to boo, to hiss-5. fam (vere) to knock back. “Les Familles
dans l’ascendance de Isabelle Chédeville” online at http://www.ma-genealogie.org/chedeville/familles/index3.htm lists[Lesuffleur, Marguerite] 1644,
and [Lesuffleur, François] 1643.
Name Commentary:
Ary: The documentation from
Hanks & Hodges is pretty much useless, so it should not be included
on the ELoI. <Estrilda> is a fine name given the citations from
Withycombe and Talan's index from Reaney & Wilson, but it's likely
that this is a scribal form, used for documentary purposes only, and
that the vernacular form would be <Estrild>. Unfortunately the
documentation for the byname is not adequate. Simply finding a word
in a dictionary does not mean that it was used as a medieval byname.
Also, I'm not sure that the genealogy citations are for even the same
word, and at any rate, genealogical websites do not constitute sufficient
documentation on their own, per the 04/01 LoAR:
"The given name was documented
from Roberts, Notable Kin: An Anthology of Columns First Published in
the NEHGS NEXUS, 1986-1995. While we have no reason to doubt the quality
of the genealogical research, the goals of genealogists are different
from ours and their data is not necessarily applicable to SCA use. The
same issue applies to documentation from genealogy Web sites including
ancestry.com. They cannot be relied on for documentation for spelling
variants."
I was unable to find <Siffleur>
is any of the standard sources (R&W, Bardsley, etc.)
Talan: Dauzat s.n. <Siffleur>:
The modern surname is rare, but it exists, also with the article as
<Lesiffleur> and in Normandy as <Lesufleur>. It's from
the verb <siffler> 'to hiss, to whistle'; the Old French verb
is <sifler>, attested by the 12th century, from Vulgar Latin <sifilare>,
corresponding to classical Latin <sibilare>. [1, 2] Vulgar Latin
<sifilare> also produced a Middle English verb <syfle> 'to
blow with a sibilant sound, to whistle, to hiss', found in the 14th
century [OED s.v. <siffle>].
Petit Robert (French dictionary
with etymological notes) dates <siffleur> to 1537, but Dauzat's
surname evidence shows that the word is older. (It is not unusual for
onomastic evidence to push back the earliest known dates for words.
A familiar example is <keep> 'a stronghold': the earliest citation
in the OED is from 1586, but Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Keep> has
the byname <ate Kepe> from 1327.) There's no way to be sure just
how old it is, but this construction of agent nouns from verbs goes
all the way back to the Latin agent suffix <-tor> added to the
stems of verbs, e.g., <amator> 'lover', from <amare> 'to
love'. [3] Another example is Vulgar Latin <portator> 'bearer',
from <portare> 'to carry', producing Old French <porteor>
and modern French <porteur>. [4] This suffix and its French descendant
were as productive as the English agent suffix <-er>, so there
would be nothing surprising in a Vulgar Latin *<siflator> 'whistler,
hisser', which would similarly have become *<sifleor> in Old French.
Note that the productivity of <-eor> means that an Old French
<sifleor> could also have been constructed in Old French directly
from the verb <sifler> instead of descending from a Vulgar Latin
*<siflator>.
In short, we know that modern
<siffleur> goes back at least to the Middle Ages, and it's clear
that its Vulgar Latin basis was also used in England. Its normal Old
French form, <sifleor>, could go all the way back to Vulgar Latin
and could also have been constructed 'on the fly' at any time from the
verb <sifler>. There is no reason to doubt that an Old French
byname <le Sifleor> could have been used in Anglo-Norman England,
just as it apparently was at some point in medieval France; there is
certainly no shortage of French bynames in that period. Obviously an
attested byname would be better historical re-creation, but this is
a reasonable hypothetical re-creation.
The Old French suffix <-eor>
also appears as <-or>, <-ur>, <-eur>, and in Anglo-French
as <-our>. The most common spellings in English records of the
13th and 14th centuries seem to be <-our> and <-ur>, though
<-eour>, <-eur>, and <-or> are also found. [5] Thus,
in English records we might expect the byname to appear as <le Siflour>
or <le Siflur>.
The modern French feminine
noun corresponding to <siffleur> is <siffleuse>, but this
is irrelevant: feminines in <-euse> didn't appear until the 16th
century. In Old and Middle French the feminine suffix <-esse>
was widely used to form feminine nouns, especially for nouns in <-eor>
from Latin <-ator>, e.g., <lecheresse> 'lewd woman', attested
from the 13th century, beside masculine <lecheor>, attested in
1138, and <braceresse> 'female brewer', attested in England ca.1230
- ca.1247 (<Alicia la Braceresse>), beside masculine <braceor>,
attested in France in 1250 and as <bracur> in England in 1202.
[6, 7, 8] Other examples in England are <Alicia la Venteresse>
ca.1230 - ca.1247 [9]; <Alicia le Pesteresse> 1270 'female baker'
[R&W s.n. <Pester>]; and <Sibilla le Pestheresse>, <Isolda
la Feuresse> 'the smith' and the interesting pair <Rogerus le
Feure et Isabella la Feueresse>, and <Juliana le Pumeresse>,
all 1279-80 [10].
From these we may reasonably
conjecture that an early (late 12th or early 13th century) form of the
byname might have been carefully feminized to <la Sifleresse>.
This is not the only possibility, however, even in the 13th century,
when the forename <Estrild> is most likely. Unmodified forms
of bynames containing the <-eor> suffix can easily be found, both
with feminine <la> and with masculine <le> and even, though
rarely and late, with no article. Reaney & Wilson s.nn. <Cater>,
<Corner>, <Prockter> offer <Amicia Lakature> 1271
('the buyer of provisions', probably <la kature> rather than <l'akature>
given <Elias le Katur> in the same document), <Agnes le cornier>
1209, and <Johanna la Proketour> 1301. From other sources we
have:
Cristina la Roter 1275 'player on the rote' [11]
Alice le Syur 1285 'sawyer' [12]
Beatrix la Turnure 1285 [12]
Margeria le Peintour 1292 [12]
Alicia le Peyntur 1292 [12]
Agnete Spendure 1301 'steward'
[11]
There may be some tendency
for feminine instances to be spelled <-ure>, though the evidence
is scanty enough to make it hard to tell. At any rate <la Siflure>
and <le Siflur> (among others) are plausible 13th century forms.
Indeed, the limited evidence suggests that they may be more likely than
the feminized form, especially after the mid-13th century.
[1] Greimas, Algirdas Julien.
Dictionnaire de l'Ancien Français (Paris: Larousse, 1997); s.v. <sifler>.
[2] A derivative of <sifilare>
can be found in Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Petter>, where we learn
that ca.1250 Rolland le Pettour ('the farter') held land by serjeantry
of appearing before the king every year at Christmas to do 'unum saltum,
unum siffletum et unum bumbulum' (a leap, a whistle, and a fart).
[3] Palmer, L.R. The Latin
Language (Norman, Okla.: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1988 [1954]); p. 237.
[4] Pope, M.K. From Latin
to Modern French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. Publications
of the University of Manchester No. CCXXIX. French Series No. VI. Rev.
ed. (Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1952); p. 266.
[5] Thuresson, Bertil. Middle
English Occupational Terms (Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup, 1950; repr. by Kraus
Reprints, Nendeln, Liechtenstein, 1968); p. 266f.
[6] Pope, op. cit., p. 305f.
[7] Greimas, op. cit., s.vv.
<lechier>, <bracier>-2.
[8] Chibnall, Marjorie, ed. Select Documents of the English Lands of the Abbey of Bec. Camden Third Series, Vol. LXXIII (London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1951); p.
31.
[9] Ibid., p. 33.
[10] John, Trevor, ed. The Warwickshire Hundred Rolls of 1279-80; Stoneleigh and Kineton Hundreds. Records of Social and Economic History New Series XIX (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press for the British Academy, 1992); pp. 45, 60, 331, 193.
(I have not found any information
on <pumeresse>, but I suspect that it is 'an apple-woman', from
Old French <pom> 'an apple'.)
[11] Thuresson, op. cit., pp.
187, 118.
[12] Fransson, Gustav. Middle
English Surnames of Occupation, 1100-1350 (Lund: Gleerup, 1935); pp.
157, 166, 177.
6) Irial Féasruadh ó hIarnáin. (M) Device Change Resubmission. Per saltire Or and vert, three oak leaves in pall, counterchanged.
Original submission (Lozengy
Or and Argent, a bear salient gules)
was returned by Rouge Scarpe in March 2003 for conflict and lacking
good contrast in the lozengy. This submission is a wholly new design.
If passed he would like his original device
(Ermine, three bendlets sinister enhanced azure and in base a sun
in splendor gules eclipsed Or)
registered 11/00 (via the West) released.
Device Commentary
Cnute: Per saltire Or and vert, three oak leaves stems conjoined in pall counterchanged
Ælfwyn Webbestre - May of 2000 (via Ansteorra): Bendy sinister azure and argent, three leaves conjoined in pall vert.
Single CD field, no CD for the tincture of the leaves because less than half of the tincture of the group has been changed.
Return for conflict.
Pendar: The stems are not quite
fully touching, and not quite fully seperate. The bottom one even looks
like it's issuant from the line of division. It should be redrawn to
have each leaf clearly together or clearly separated. Having a per saltire
field division with three objects in pall counterchanged is a fascinating
arrangement! I have to wonder if it is period style, but it is blazonable.
It doesn't look as though anything like it has ever been registered
before. I have a new idea for my next consultation table. :) No conflicts
found through 02/03.
Ary: The oak leaves are _conjoined
at the stems_.
{7) Kastenstadt, Canton of. New Branch Name.
The name [Kastenstadt] is made up of two elements. According to genealogy.net (http://www.genealogienetz.de/misc/etym/ortsnamen,html ), German place names are very commonly a compound of a determinant word (Bestimmungswort) and a common root (Grundwort), usually in that order.
The determinant word in this
case is [Kasten] which is German for “box”. This is a reference to the
Box Bar, a favorite place in our area, where our members meet after
our meetings. Furthermore, it was used as a determinant word in the
following German place names: [Kastendiek], [Kastenreuth], and [Kastenseeon].
The root of the name is [-stadt] meaning “town’ or “city”. Some
examples of German place names with this root are: [Kallstadt], [Karlstadt].
[Karstadt].[Freistadt], and [Darmstadt]. Combined the name means “city
of the box” or “box city”.
Clients will NOT accept MAJOR
changes, care most about meaning and wish a German name. Petition of
Support included. This canton will be beholden to the Barony of Cynnabar.
This submission is being returned
for further work - no documentation was provided for Kasten- as used.
}
Name Commentary:
Ary: This seems reasonable,
but no documentation was provided for the cited examples of names using
<Kasten-> and <-stadt>, so I cannot opine on it further.
Such documentation is needed before this can be sent to Laurel.
Talan: 'Box Town' is not reasonable,
but the name *may* be salvageable on a completely different basis.
I'll try to find time to work on it in the next few days. (I doubt
that <Kasten-> in the place-names cited in the ILoI is the 'box'
word.)
8) Katerine del Val. (F) New Name and Device. Vert, in bend three hawk’s lures palewise argent.
[Katerine] is listed in “An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris” online at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html .
[del Val]~ client says “Talan will provide”
Client will NOT accept MAJOR
changes, cares most that her name mean “Katherine of the Valley” in
French and if a change must be made to the surname would most prefer
[du Val].
{We will be including Talan's
commentary as documentation when sending this submission on to Laurel.
As far as the device, while the internal detailing is a bit much, in
the full-size emblazons the hawk's lures are recognizable. We will
give the client the benefit of the doubt, and send it on to Laurel.
}
Name Commentary:
Ary Her previous name (Katerine
del Val) was returned by Rouge Scarpe 03/02 for lack of documentation
of the byname. Her previous device (Gules, a honeysuckle vine bendwise
argent with three blossoms Or.) was returned for non-period style and
non-identifiability, and a possible conflict. This new submission removes
the problems of the old one.
However, the documentation
for the byname is still inadequate. If Talan Gwynek has the appropriate
documentation, it should have been secured *before* the resubmission
was sent in.
The byname <du Val> is
found twice in Paris in 1423, in my "French Names from Paris, 1421,
1423, & 1438" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/paris1423.html).
The given name <Katherine> is also found in the same source, five
times.
Cateline de la Mor's "Sixteenth
Century Norman Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/cateline/norman16.html)
also has the byname <Duval>, but by the 16th century this was
almost certainly an inherited byname rather than a literal surname,
so it would not have the meaning that the client wants.
Another byname meaning 'of
the valley', <de la Vallée>, is found in Provins in 1587, in my
"Names from a 1587 Tax Roll from Provins" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/provins1587.html).
Given this information, I can
support either <Katerine du Val> or <Katerine de la Vallée>,
but not <Katerine del Val>. I don't believe that <del>
is a preposition that was used in French; at least, I can't find it
in my modern French sources.
Talan: That's probably my fault;
she tried, and I thought that I'd sent it, but I've been so busy that
I may well have forgotten. Here's an even better set of comments to
make up for it.
The byname is fine: it's simply
a southern French form of standard <du Val>, as noted by Dauzat
s.n. <Delval>. Other examples of the same phenomenon are southern
<Delbarry>, <Delbecq>, <Delblat>, <Delbord>,
<Delbos>, <Delbourg>, <Delbruel>, <Delcaire>,
<Delcamp>, <Delcros>, and <Delfour>, among many others,
all matching standard French forms with <du> (Dauzat s.nn. <Delbarry>,
<Delblat>, <Delbourg>, <Delcamp>, <Delcros>,
<Delfour>). Yes, these are all modern forms, but this many of
them is already enough to show that the dialect difference must go back
to the Middle Ages and is prima facie evidence of registerability.
In fact, however, I can explain
how this difference arose. In Old French original <de le> contracted
to <del>. (For example, line 4604 of Chrétien de Troyes's 'Erec
et Enide' (late 12th century) contains the phrase <sor le col del
cheval> 'on the neck of the horse'. [1]) When this contraction occurred
before a word beginning with a consonant, the <l> was vocalized
to <u>, turning <del> into <deu>; this was eventually
simplified to <du>. [2] (A similar vocalization can be seen in
the transformation of Old French <maldire> 'to curse, to execrate',
from Latin <maledicere>, into modern <maudire>. [3])
In Old Provençal, on the other
hand, the masculine singular definite article was <lo>, and <de
lo> contracted regularly to <del>, which did not undergo vocalization.
[4] This is of course the basis for the southern French forms.
Thus, <del Val> can be
justified either as a southern French form from the 11th or 12th century
on or as an early (11th or 12th century) Old French form,
pre-vocalization. This is certainly sufficient, but in fact there's
very likely a third possible source. The noun <val> 'a valley'
is masculine in modern French, but it's from Latin <vallis>, which
is feminine. The change in gender took place quite early, but there
was hesitation between the two genders right down to the 17th century.
[5] Dauzat s.nn. <Laval> and <Val> also mentions that the
original gender was feminine, and the survival of <Laval> as a
surname shows that the old gender persisted in at least some dialects
long enough to be fixed in hereditary surnames. In particular, it persisted
in the Picard dialect, for which we have for instance <Johan de Laval>
1404. [6] This example is a bit atypical for Picard dialect, however,
because in the northern dialects (Picard and Walloon) the feminine singular
definite article <la> became <le>, which was not contracted
after <de>. [7] Thus, the normal Picard form of the phrase was
<de le val>, and indeed we have an example in <Jehan de le
Val> 1384; and as the unstressed <e> of the second syllable
tended to disappear in speech, this gave rise to a Picard surname <Delval>.
[8, 9] (Dauzat doesn't mention this particular example of the northern
development of the article, but s.n. <Delbarry> he notes a parallel
instance, northern <Delbecque>, contracted from <Delebecque>.)
The only remaining question is when the Picard written forms <del
Val> and <Delval> actually appeared, but this is likely to
have been in the 15th or 16th century.
[1] Ewart, Alfred. The French Language. 2nd ed. (London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1943); p. 365.
[2] Pope, M.K. From Latin to Modern French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. Publications of the University of Manchester No. CCXXIX. French Series No. VI. Rev. ed. (Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1952); p. 325.
[3] Dauzat, Albert. Nouveau Dictionnaire Étymologique et Historique (Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1964); s.v. <maudire>.
[4] Mendeloff, Henry. A Manual of Comparative Romance Languages (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, Inc., 1969); p. 81.
[5] Pope, op. cit. pp. 304-5.
[6] Morlet, M.-T. Étude d'Anthroponymie Picarde (Paris: Les Presses du Palais Royal, 1967); p. 333.
[7] Einhorn, E. Old French, A Concise Handbook (Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press, 1974); p. 138.
[8] Morlet, op. cit., p. 334.
[9] Lebel, Paul. Les Noms
de Personnes en France. 6th ed. (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France,
1968); p. 78.
Device Commentary:
Cnute: The heavy dark internal detailing interferes with the contrast and makes the lures difficult to identify, violating RfS VIII.3.
Clear
Redraw.
Pendar: Nice! No conflicts
found through 02/03.
Ary: The device looks clear
from conflict. Very lovely!
{9) Katerine del Val. (F) New Badge. (Fieldless)A tower azure. winged Or, transfixed palewise by a sword proper .
Name submitted this letter.
(item 8)
{Returned for violation of
RfS 8.3 - Identifiability. The tower is not "transfixed"
by the sword - it is on the sword, reducing the latter's identifiability
greatly. }
Badge Commentary:
Cnute: (Fieldless), a sword
inverted proper overall a tower azure winged Or
...I will be returning cases
where the underlying charge is rendered unidentifiable, per Rule VIII.3;
this will include the most egregious cases of overall charges (e.g.
A pheon surmounted by a hawk's head). But this can be done as an interpretation
of the current Rules, and needn't involve a new policy. In cases where
identifiability is maintained --- where one of the charges is a long,
slender object, and the area of intersection small --- overall charges
will still be permitted in fieldless badges. (15 January, 1992 Cover
Letter (November, 1992 LoAR), pg. 3) Precedents - Bruce, under Charge
- Overall
This area of intersection is
not small.
Return for violating RfS VIII.3
Pendar: If the sword were coming out a door or window I might be inclined to say that the tower is "transfixed" by the sword, but this is technically just "(Fieldless) A sword inverted proper surmounted by a tower azure winged Or."
No conflicts found through
02/03.
Ary: This too is not a new
badge, but a resubmission. Her previous badge, "[Fieldless] A
tower azure winged sable, transfixed palewise by a sword proper,"
was returned by Rouge Scarpe in 03/02 for administrative problems.
While the drawing problems mentioned in the previous return have been
address, I still feel that the overall style issues remain, and I quote
from part of the previous return:
"Concerning the badge,
we can do no better than to quote a previous Laurel. The following device
was registered to William Bohun of Vatavia (reg 12/83) with these comments:
"Azure, a sword inverted Or surmounted by a skull argent between
in fess a pair of wings, all between three roses Or. NOTE: This is poor
style and is still rather reminiscent of a Grateful Dead cover or a
biker emblem. It would be much better without the skull." Much
the same can be said of this badge in that it is not very reminiscent
of period style.
However, by changing the tincture
of the wings and redrawing them as clearly birds' wings, the problems
with identifiability are reduced, so this is probably registerable.
10) Lassar Fhina ingen Niell (F) New Name .
Name found in various spellings in “Index of Names in Irish Annals: Lasairfhíona” by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan online at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Lasairfhiona.shtml
Client will NOT accept MAJOR
changes and care most about an Irish language/culture name.
Name Commentary:
Ary: <Lassar Fhína>
(note accent) is the standard pre c.1200 spelling of the name. The
standard later form is <Lasairfhíona>, and it is found in the
Irish Annals 8 times between 1239 and 1527, according to "Index
of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/).
Since there isn't evidence for <Lassa Fhína> in early period,
I recommend changing this to the later period spelling. In that case,
the word for daughter would be <inghean> instead of <ingen>.
<Néill> (note accent and spelling) is the genitive of <Niall>,
which is found 21 times in the Annals between 1057 and 1611. <Lasairfhíona
inghean Néill> is a fine post c.1200 Gaelic feminine name.
11) Lulach Cauldwell. (M) New Name{and Device. Azure, a bend sinister between two hands apaumy argent.}
[Lulach] found in “Scottish Gaelic Given Names” by Sharon L. Krossa at http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/gaelicgiven/men.shtml dated to 11th-12th century.
[Cauldwell] Reaney & Wilson p. 80 s.n. [Caldwell] dates to 1381.
Client will NOT accept MAJOR
changes, cares most about sound, and wants a name authentic to a 12th
to 14th century English-Scot.
{The device is being returned
for multiple conflicts, including Gruffydd of Rivenoak (reg 12/97) "Per
bend sinister azure and vert, a bend sinister between two hands appaumy
argent, Gwendwyn the Silent - (7/81) "Azure, a bend sinister between
a winged unicorn countersalient and a batwinged manticore couchant argent",
Rhiannon of Berra - (4/99) Azure, a bend sinister between a unicorn
couchant reguardant contourny and another couchant reguardant argent.
}
Name Commentary:
Ary: No further information on <Lulach> is given on Effrick's page, but it is listed under the header of "names of Scottish Gaels found in Scottish Gaelic sources" so it is likely in a Gaelic form. As a Gaelic name, though, it is not appropriate in an English/Scots name. He may want to consider a name that is actual found in English or in Scots during his time period, if he wants an authentic name. There are, however, very few English or Scots masculine names beginning with <L->, and I didn't find anything that was all that similar to <Lulach>. <Lowrens>, a form of <Laurence>, is found in Symon Freser's "13th & 14th Century Scottish Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/symonFreser/scottish14/).
In English, I find <Landr'>
(a scribal abbreviation for some unknown name), <Laurence>, <Luke>,
and <Lucas> in Mari's "An Index to the 1332 Lay Subsidy Rolls
for Lincolnshire, England" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/LincLSR/),
and <Laurentius> (a Latin form) in my "14th Century Worcestershire
Names" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/worc14.html). Earlier,
the names <Lambert>, <Laurence>, <Leo>, <Leofwan>,
<Louis>, and <Luke> are found in Nicolaa de Bracton's "A
Statistical Survey of Given Names in Essex Co., England, 1182-1272"
(http://members.tripod.com/nicolaa5/articles/names.html), and <Lagot>,
<Laurencius>, <Leonardus>, and <Letard> are found
in Talan's "Given Names from Early 13th Century England" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/eng13/eng13.html).
These would all be appropriate for an English name.
Talan: It is. From Black
s.n. <Lulach>: 'The name of the unfortunate son of Gillacomgan,
mormaer of Moray, king of Scots for seven months, and killed in 1057/8.
The corresponding patronymic is <mac Lulaich>; Black s.n. Maclulich
offers <Ywar Mac Lulli> 1350, <ffinlay McLuiloig> 1692,
and <Dun: mc Clullich> 1692. Scottish naming was very fluid in
the 12th century, with the different linguistic strands mixing more
than before or after, and <Lulach> conforms to English as well
as Gaelic spelling principles; in principle a 12th century <Lulach
de Caldwell> or the like probably isn't out of the question, though
this is one on which Effrick's opinion would be useful.
Device Commentary:
Aelfreda & Mikhail: Device:
Conflict with Gruffydd of Rivenoak (reg 12/97) "Per bend sinister
azure and vert, a bend sinister between two hands appaumy argent."
There is one CD for changing the field.
There is also possible conflict
with Rhiannon of Berra (reg 4/99) "Azure, a bend sinister between
a unicorn couchant reguardant contourny and another couchant reguardant
argent" and with Gwendwyn the Silent (reg 7/81) "Azure, a
bend sinister between a winged unicorn countersalient and a batwinged
manticore couchant argent." In each case, there is one CD for
changing the type of the secondaries. We are unsure if changing the
orientation of 1/2 of the secondaries would produce a CD versus the
two identical hands.
Cnute: Lulach Cauldwell - Azure,
a bend sinister between two hands apaumy argent.
Azure, a bend sinister between
two hands argent
Gwendwyn the Silent - July
of 1981 (via the West): Azure, a bend sinister between a winged unicorn
countersalient and a batwinged manticore couchant argent.
Rhiannon of Berra - April of
1999 (via Atlantia): Azure, a bend sinister between a unicorn couchant
reguardant contourny and another couchant reguardant argent.
Single CDs for type of secondaries.
Gruffydd of Rivenoak - December
of 1997 (via the West): Per bend sinister azure and vert, a bend sinister
between two hands appaumy argent.
Single CD for field.
Return for multiple conflicts.
Pendar: Conflicts with Rhiannon
of Berra (4/99 via Atlantia): Azure, a bend sinister between a unicorn
couchant reguardant contourny and another couchant reguardant argent.
And Gwendwyn the Silent (7/81 via the West): Azure, a bend sinister
between a winged unicorn countersalient and a batwinged manticore couchant
argent. In both cases there is only 1 CD for changing the type of secondary
charges.
Ary: The device conflicts with
Gruffydd of Rivenoak (reg. 12/97 via the West), "Per bend sinister
azure and vert, a bend sinister between two hands appaumy argent,"
with just one CD for the field.
{12) Nicolaa de Bracton of Leicester. (F)Badge Resubmission. Or, a mullet gules.
Original badge submission
(Fieldless) On a mullet gules, another Or) returned by Rouge
Scarpe Nov. 2002, for conflict with Astra Christiana Benedict
([Tinctureless] On a mullet a cross crosslet)
(reg’d 6/86). Client has added a field and uncharged her mullet.
13) Raphael de Cernia. (M) New Name.
[Raphael]~Italian painter born 1483. “WebMuseum, Paris” at http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/
[de Cernia]` “Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names” by Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek online at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/venice14sur.html
“locative, probably based on
some Slovenian or Croatian place name. De Felice, Cognomi, s.n. Cerne,
derives that surname from Slovene {c^}rn or Croat
crn or crnac 'black'.”
Client will NOT accept MAJOR
changes and cares most about sound. He is interested in having an Italian
name.
{ We are changing the name
to Raffaello de Cernia, to match the client's documentation and in keeping
with his desire to have an Italian name. Our sources show Raphael as
an English spelling of Raffaello. }
Name Commentary:
Ary: <Raphael> is an
English form of the name. Italian forms that I've found are <Raffaele>
in my "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/arezzo.html), and <Raffaello> in "Italian
Names from Florance, 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/).
If he would like an authentic Italian name, this should be changed to
either <Raffaele> or <Raffaello>.
{14) Sarah Wright. (F) New Name.
[Sarah]~
Reaney, P.H., & R. M. Wilson. A Dictionary of English Surnames (London: Rutledge, 1991; Oxford University Press, 1995); s.n. Sara
Withycombe, E.G. The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names. 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988); s.n. Sara
[Wright]~
Found in “Surnames in Chesham:Q-W,
1538-1600/1” by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan online at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/chesham/chesham-surnames-4.html dated to 1561.
Client wants a name suitable
for 16th century England cares most about language/culture
and will accept any spelling variant of [Sarah] or [Wright] if necessary
for registration.
{ This was a tricky submission to deal with. Although the name is fine as documented, on the submission forms under Legal Name, the client has written "Sarah Strutz (Wright) maiden" This would seem to indicate that Sarah Wright is her maident name. From the Administrative Handbook, III.A. 9.
Name Used by the Submitter
Outside the Society - No name will be registered to a submitter if it
is identical to a name used by the submitter for purposes of identification
outside of a Society context. This includes legal names, common use
names, trademarks and other items registered with mundane authorities
that serve to identify an individual or group. This restriction is intended
to help preserve a distinction between a submitter's identity within
the Society and his or her identity outside of the Society. A small
change in the name is sufficient for registration, such as the addition
of a syllable or a spelling change that changes the pronunciation. However,
a change to spelling without a change in pronunciation is not sufficient.
For example, Alan Miller could not register the name Alan Miller or
Allan Miller but he could register the name Alan the Miller. Further,
submitters may register either a name or armory which is a close variant
of a name or insignia they use outside the Society, but not both.
From the Precedents of Da'ud ibn Auda:
"Because this name
differs only by adding an 'e' to the surname, this is technically in
conflict with her legal use name, per the Administrative Handbook part
I, Protected Items I, which states in pertinent part that 'no item will
be registered to a submitter if it is identical with an item used by
the submitter legally or in common use outside the Society.' It may
not be the name she commonly uses, but it is legally available to her
to be used at any time, and is therefore (one of her) legal name(s)."
(LoAR 1/92 p.19).
As Sarah Wright is a name legally
available to her to be used at any time, and is one of her legal names,
we must return this submission. }
Name Commentary:
Ary: The name is fine. <Sara>
1569 and <Saraa> 1577/8 are found in the same source as cited
for the byname. In my "16th Century Gloucestershire Names"
(http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/ names/late16.html), <Sara> is
found once. Three people were christened <Sara> in 1565, 1592,
and 1572 in my "16th Century Names from Ormskirk Parish Registers"
(http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/ormskirk/). Ah hah! A <Sarah>
was married in 1594, according to my"Names found in Frocester,
Glouchestershire Marriage Registers 1559-1600" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/frocester.html). Thus, while the submitted spelling
is clearly not the most common, it is fine for late 16th century England.
15) Valla Lùta Kolladóttir. (F) New Name and Device. Azure, a garb between 3 crosses bottony argent.
[Lúta]~ Geir Bassi Haroldson, p. 13 woman’s name
[Valla]~ Geir Bassi Haroldson p.29 descriptive byname
[Kolli]~ Geir Bassi Haroldson
p.12 man’s name, p.17 says [Kolli] becomes [Kolladóttir]
Client wants a name authentic
to 10th century Norway and cares most about language/culture.
Name Commentary:
Ary: These are not new submissions
but resubmissions. Her previous name, <Valla-Lúta Kolladóttir>,
was returned by Laurel in 04/02, because it was withdrawn by kingdom
in 01/02. Her previous device, "Azure, a garb between three crosses
bottony argent," was returned at the same time for the same reason.
All the elements of her name
are found in Geirr Bassi. <Valla-> is a prepositional descriptive
byname meaning "Field-". <Lúta> (note accent; Old Norse
does not, as far as I know, use grave accents.) is a feminine given
name. <Kolli> is a masculine given name, which becomes <Kolladóttir>
as a patronymic. To be grammatically correct, this should be <Valla-Lúta
Kolladóttir>.
The client may be interested
to know that in the 10th century, the Norse languages had not yet diverged.
The names are found in Icelandic sagas, and the Old Norse spoken in
Iceland at that time was the same West Norse that would develop into
Norwegian. So these names would be appropriate for a Norse lady living
in Norway, but they are not (strictly) Norwegian.
Talan: It occurs exactly once,
as the name of a 10th century Icelander (Lind s.n. <Lúta>). Fortunately,
one of the early Icelandic settlers was named <Kolli>, and the
name remained in use in Iceland (Lind s.n. <Kolli>). There are
two examples of the byname <Valla->: Valla-Brandr was a great-grandson
of one of the settlers, and Valla-Liótr Álfs son lived in Iceland ca.1000.
Each was named after a farm named <Vellir> 'fields'. [Lind (binamn)
s.n. <Valla-Brandr>, <Valla-Liótr>]
> So these names would be appropriate for a Norse lady
> living in Norway,
but they are not (strictly) Norwegian.
And indeed the name is most
likely in 10th century Iceland. The lady might (or might not!) want
to know that <Lúta> is from the adjective <lútr> 'bent down,
stooping'; presumably it, like <Gamall> 'old' and a number of
others, began life as a byname and only later became a forename.
Device Commentary:
Cnute: Clear
Pendar: No conflicts found
through 02/03.
16)Wulfgar Hlotharius von Aachen. (M) Badge Resubmission. (Fieldless) A sea-unicorn erect sable maintaining a sword proper.
Client’s original badge submission
(Per bend sinister embattled
Or and sable, a unicorn's head couped argent)
returned by Rouge Scarpe Sept 1999 for conflict with Isabella d'Hiver,( Azure,
a unicorn's head couped argent collared gules).
This badge is a new design.
{ This submission seems to
fall right between past rulings. There
IS a CD for a unicorn vs. a horse. There IS NOT a CD between
a winged sea unicorn and a winged sea horse. But what about a regular
sea unicorn and a sea horse? We feel there is enough difference to
give the client the benefit of the doubt, and send it on to Laurel for
a final decision. }
Badge Commentary:
AElfreda & Mikhail: This
badge uses the same primary as his device (reg 1/98) "Per bend
sinister embattled Or and pean, in chief a sea-unicorn erect maintaining
a sword sable."
Versus the device of Leif of
the Blue Mountains (2/75) "Ermine, a sea-horse sejant sable, finned,
scaled and unguled Or", there is one CD for changing the field.
We are unsure of the current Laurel precedents of sea-horse vs. sea-unicorn.
It is also possible that the sea-horse in Leif's device has enough cumulative
"Or bits" to change 1/2 the tincture, thus providing the second
CD.
In the online ILoI, we can't
tell if the sword has an Or hilt or not. (Is is proper, or just argent?)
Cnute: (Fieldless) A sea-unicorn
sable maintaining a sword argent
Leif of the Blue Mountains
- February of 1975: Ermine, a sea-horse sejant sable, finned, scaled
and unguled Or.
CD fieldless, CD sea-unicorn
vs sea-horse since the submission is clearly bearded and horned. What
kind of posture is sejant for a sea-creature?
Clear.
Pendar: My, what a sexy sea-unicorn! :)
There is a potential conflict with
Leif of the Blue Mountains
(2/75): Ermine, a sea-horse sejant sable, finned, scaled and unguled
Or.
The little gold artistic details do not count for difference. I don't know if the posture of "sejant" counts for difference in this case or not.
I don't believe any difference is granted between a sea-horse and a sea-unicorn even though difference is granted between horses and unicorns.
[a winged sea-horse vs a winged
sea-unicorn] This conflicts ... While a horse is a CD from a unicorn,
the addition of wings and fish tail to each creates an overwhelming
similarity with which the remaining details of the horn and beard cannot
compete. (Anastasia Elizabeth Courteney, 2/98 p. 18)
Done by my hand this 25th day
of July, 2003
Rory mac Feidhlimidh, OP
Rouge Scarpe Herald
820 E Monroe
Bloomington, IL 61701
rougescarpe@midrealm.org